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Phylum Groups PORIFERA CNIDARIA PLATYHELMINTHES NEMATODA ANNELIDA ARTHROPODA MOLLUSKA ECHINODERMATA CHORDATA sponges ANTHOZOA - corals, sea anemone HYDRAZOA – hydras and corals CUBAZOA – box jelly, sea wasp SCYPHOZOA – jellyfish, sea nettles “flatworms” TURBELLARIA – free-living flat worms TREMATODA – parasitic flukes CESTODA – parasitic tapeworms “round worms” “Segmented worms” POLYCHAETES – segmented bristle worms OLIGOCHAETES - earthworms HIRUDINEA - leeches “Exoskeletons” insects, spiders, crustaceans. “with shells” GASTROPODS – snails slugs BIVALVES – clams, scallops… CEPHALOPODS – octopus squid POLYPLACOPHORA - chitons :Radial Adults ASTEROIDEA – urchins, sand dollar ECHINOIDEA – sea cucumber OPHIUROIDEA – brittle starts CRINOIDEA – sea lily, feather star UROCHORDATA tunicates CEPHALOCHORDATA lancelets MIXINI hagfish PETROMYZONTIDA lamprey CHONDRICHTYES sharks ACTINIPTERGIA ray-finned fish SCAROPTERYGIA lobe-finned fish AMPHIBIA frog REPTILIA snakes … AVES birds MAMMALIA Symmetry Organization Germ Layers none – asymmetrical Cell Level None radial Tissue Level Two – Diploblastic bilateral Organ Level Three – Triploblastic bilateral Organ Level Triploblastic bilateral Organ Level Triploblastic bilateral Organ Level Triploblastic bilateral Organ Level Triploblastic bilateral juvenile (radial adults) Organ Level Triploblastic bilateral Organ Level Triploblastic Endoderm and Ectoderm Endoderm, Mesoderm and Ectoderm Coelom None None (not really acoelomate) Aceolomate Pseudoceolomate Coelomate Coelomate Coelomate Coelomate Coelomate Development Segmentation Respiration None Diffusion None Diffusion None Diffusion None Diffusion Protostome Yes diffusion and some gills Protostome Yes variety of specialization including gills, book lungs and lungs Protostome None gills Deuterostome None Tracheal Tubes on body walls Gills in Some Deuterostome Yes Gills to Lungs on land Circulation Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Closed Circulatory Hemoglobin Open Circulatory = Limits size Open Circulatory Closed Circulatory System Skeletal Specialized cells Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Exoskeleton made of Chitin calcareous endoskeleton bony or cartilage endoskeleton CEPHALIZATION NONE Produce toxins for Protection NONE Nerve Tissues = Nerve net but no central collection of nerves YES Ganglia – grouping of nerve cells YES Simple several ganglia YES Well developed with brain and ganglia in head sensory organs in the head region YES Open Circulatory - most Closed Circulatory in Cephalopods = bigger and faster bc more efficient Hard Shell = exoskeleton of calcium carbonate YES Simple in Bivalvia and gastropoda Complex in Cephalopods NO Simple nervous system and no brain & no head YES extensive cephalization – dorsal hollow nerve chord protected by vertebrae COMPLETE -Two openings: mouth intestine anus = tube NO SPECIALIZATION Extracellular all Diffusion with protonephridia Sexual Dimorphic COMPLETE Some specialization COMPLETE regional specialization Extracellular all nephridia (primitive kidney) hermaphroditic both can regenerate Extracellular all Malpigian tubules and green glands dimorphic (male & female) sexual Nervous Digestive NONE INCOMPLETE Mouth/Anus with Gastrovascular cavity =Sac Intra & Extracellular INCOMPLETE Intracellular Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion with protonephridia Sexual or asexual Hermaphrodite Sexual or asexual Hermaphrodite Sexual or asexual Hermaphrodite motile larva but sessile adults marine and freshwater tentacles and nematocysts marine mostly hydrostatic & longitudinal muscles 80% parasitic longitudinal and circular muscles aquatic and terrestrial Free-living & Parasitic , decomposers longitudinal and circular muscles aquatic and terrestrial Free-living & Parasitic , decomposers 6000 sp 600MYA 10,000 sp 580MYA 15,000 sp 550MYA 25,000 sp 540MYA 15,000 sp 530MYA can reform after blender polyp and medusa forms ability to regenerate Filter feeders Excretory Reproduction (sexual or asexual) Locomotion Lifestyle TimelineSpecies Etc. Misc Mouth/Anus & intestine =Sac Extracellular all rest -ventral nerve cords, -sensory organs -ventral nerve chords -complex sensory organs COMPLETE regional specialization Nerve ring COMPLETE without specialization COMPLETE with specializations Extracellular all pair of kidneys Extracellular all none Extracellular all pair of kidneys dimorphic (male & female) sexual dimorphic (male & female) sexual dimorphic (male & female) sexual jointed legs and wings muscular foot water vascular system various aquatic and moist terrestrial - Free living herbivores and carnivores, also some filter feeders 1,000,000+ sp 530MYA All – free-living parasitic, herbivore, carnivore, detrivore, filter feeders All aquatic!!! Herbivores Carnivores, detritus and filter feeders all and all 100,000 sp 540MYA 7,000 sp 600MYA 45,000 sp 530MYA Most diverse, 90% of animal species Foot Mantle and Viseral Mass body plan ability to regenerate water vascular system All have - a notochord, -a hollow dorsal nerve cord, -pharyngeal slits, Plus anendostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles.
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