Download Two types of cells

SBI3U
Cells
The basic concepts of the “Cell Theory” are
1) All living things are made up of cells.
2) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
3) The cell is the basic structural and
functional unit of life.
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells:


simplest cell type
VERY small: 0.1 – 10 micrometers (1000 micrometers
= 1 mm)
 possess cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA/RNA,
ribosomes, etc. but have no membrane-bound nucleus
nor any membrane-bound organelles.
 e.g. bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells:
 evolved from prokaryotic cells
 name means “true nucleus” – DNA




bound in a nuclear membrane.
more complex than prokaryotes;
have membrane-bound organelles
e.g. mitochondria, chloroplasts,
lysosomes, etc.
larger: 10 – 100 or more
micrometers
e.g. cells of all protists, plants,
fungi, and animals
label the following eukaryotic cells,
refer to p. 134 (Nelson)
Cell size and scale
SBI3U
Plant Cell
Label
A
and
D
only
Cell Part
E and
F
ribosome
G
I
J
K
L
N
Function
SBI3U
Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS
Label the same structures (not cell wall or chloroplast)
Comparison of Plant and Animal
Cells
SBI3U
Plant Cell
Label
A
E
Cell Part
Function
A: Nucleus:
Control center of the cell
D: Nuclear envelope
(nuclear membrane)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (contain
ribosomes)
Controls passage of materials into/out of
nucleus.
Builds membranes for the cell and produces
secretory proteins.
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
F
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
G
Vacuole
I
Chloroplast
Large variety of functions including synthesis of
lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and
detoxification of drugs/poisons.
Storage of water & nutrients. Breakdown of
wastes. Hydrolysis (breakdown) of
macromolecules.
Site of photosynthesis – conversion of solar
energy into chemical energy.
J
Cell Wall
Outermost layer chiefly composed of cellulose.
Protects and supports cell.
K
Cell membrane
(plasma membrane)
L
Mitochondrion (pl.
mitochondria)
N
Golgi apparatus
Controls passages of substances into/out of cell.
Involved in cell adhesion and cell signalling.
Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP via
cellular respiration.
Synthesizes, modifies, and sorts cell products.
SBI3U
Animal Cell
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear Envelope
Flagellum
Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells
PLANT CELLS
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large vacuoles
Starch grains for
energy storage
ANIMAL CELLS
None
None
Small vacuoles
Glycogen
granules for
energy storage