Download Question: Fossilized footprints of Coelophysis

Question: Fossilized footprints of Coelophysis dinosaurs have been found in
bedrock closest to which New York State location?
Key words: Fossil, Coelophysis, bedrock, New York location
Picking the right table: The key word fossil suggests the Geologic History of
New York State table (pp. NY26–NY27). You can use this table to look up the
geologic era in which Coelophysis lived. The Generalized Bedrock Geology of
New York State (p. NY21) contains a key with geological eras, as well as the
positions of New York locations. By using the key for geological periods and
eras on the Bedrock map, you can determine what location is near any likely
sources of the footprints.
Question: Which star’s surface temperature is closest to the temperature at the
boundary between Earth’s mantle and core?
Key words: temperature, mantle, core, star
Picking the right table: The Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior table
(p. NY28) has a diagram of Earth’s interior, along with graphs that show how
pressure and temperature change with depth. From this table, you can find
the temperature at the boundary between Earth’s mantle and core (5000 °C).
To find which star is at that same temperature requires a second table. Some
nearby stars are shown on the Luminosity and Temperature of Stars graph
(p. NY33). This graph shows how a star’s brightness is related to its
temperature. You can locate the temperature on the Stars graph and find the
star closest to that temperature.
Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior
Luminosity and Temperature of Stars
(Name in italics refers to star shown by a + )
NTI
CE
C O
AN
DENSITY (g/cm3)
RE
LE)
HE
NT
SP
MA
HO
IC
LE
NT
MA
9.9–12.1
RE
CO KEL
N
CO
R
?)
ON
(IR
IC
12.7–13.0
IRO
IN N
O UT
ER
E
ER
STIF
FE
R
E
3.3–5.5
ST
LA
(P
&
SP
HE
R
M RIG
AN ID
AS
TH
TL
EN
E
O
C
A
T
R CS
E A
N D
C E
H S
CR
US
T
PRESSURE
(millions of atmospheres)
PACIFIC
OCEAN
NO
RT
H
LIT
2.7 continental crust
3.0 oceanic crust
MOHO
N
AM
ER
I
CA
LANTIC
MID-AT GE
RID
4
1,000,000
Massive
Stars
Luminosity (Relative to the Sun)
LA
AT
EARTH·S CENTER
3
10,000
Ma
?
6000
?
?
? ?
T
ING
POIN
5000
MELT
4000
AC
?
?
?
?
E
UR
AT
T
ER
IN
MP
PO
TE
G
AL
TU
TIN
EL
M
MANTLE
3000
2000
PARTIAL MELTING OF
ULTRAMAFIC MANTLE
1000
0
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
DEPTH (km)
NY16 New York Student Handbook
Polaris +
Red Giants
+ Aldebaran
equ
enc
e
Sun
+
+
Alpha Centauri
White Dwarfs
+ Procyon B
0.01
Red
Dwarfs
Barnard·s
Star +
20,000
Blue Stars
1
+
+ Sirius
1
Small
Stars
0.0001
Betelgeuse
in S
100
Luminosity is the
brightness of stars
compared to the
brightness of our
Sun as seen from
the same distance
from the observer.
Supergiants
Rigel
+
2
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Blue
Supergiants
10,000
Temperature (°C)
White Stars
Color
5,000
Yellow Stars
2,500
Red Stars
Sometimes a question may
have a range of correct answers.
If the question is multiple
choice, only one of the possible
answers will be presented as a
choice.