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Notes: Populations and Carrying Capacity Population: group of ______________ of the same ______________ living in the same place at the same ________________. Carrying Capacity: The ______________ population that an _______________ can sustain or _______________. Example: Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher needs one acre of mixed forest per breeding pair. They live on the little island of _______________________. A population remains at its ________________ capacity when it’s in ________________ (number of individuals added and the number of individuals that leave or die are the ________________) Typical “S” graph to represent the carrying capacity of a species in a particular ecosystem. Factors Determining Carrying Capacity 1. Materials & Energy: energy, _____________, carbon, and other essential ______________ (_________________ Factors) 2. Food chains: the population size is limited by the size of the populations at lower ________________ levels 3. Competition: Each organism has the same need as any other; they compete for resources such as ____________, ___________, ____________ and _______________ Two types of competition: • Intraspecific competition: among members of the ________________ species – ex: two wolves compete for a _______________ • Interspecific competition: between _______________ species – ex: cheetah and lion compete for _______________ 4. Population Density: depending on their _____________, environment and way of life, different _____________ have different needs for __________________. Density Dependent Factors • • Occur when the density has gone _______________ an appropriate level Over-population can: – Increase ________ & lead to easier spread of ______________ and _______________ – Increases _______________ & causes parents to ____________ offspring • This causes the population to _____________________ Density Independent Factors • Limits the population- no matter what the ________________ is (usually caused by natural disasters). Examples: - Forest fires _______________ Volcanic Eruptions ______________ Floods Vocabulary words: Exponential Growth Limiting Factor Population Carrying Capacity Check your understanding: p. 290, #1 - 4