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The Battle Against Microbial Pathogens: Basic Science, Technological Advances and Educational Programs (A. Méndez-Vilas, Ed.)
Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO): Ruffini Method for the Treatment of
Topic Infectious Diseases of the Skin, Mucous Membranes and Systemic
Diseases
Ruffini Gilberto1 and Terzo Eloisa2
1
2
DM, Surgeon Specialist in Hematology
DVM, MRCVS Surgeon Specialist in Clinical Sciences & Clinical Pathology of Small and Large Animals
1. Ruffini Method
The Ruffini Method is a dermatological treatment for topical use skin of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) between 6%
and 12% [1,2]. This therapeutic methodology was born in 1991 when Dr. Gilberto Ruffini, a surgeon and hematologist,
during the carrying out of a clinical work for an aphthae, dealing with Sodium Hypochlorite 5% (already in use in the
dental field but limited to specific use) [3-9], he noticed a net and fast improvement certainly unexpected at that time.
From there he began to study deeply the molecule for a vast number of clinical cases discovering and obtaining
impressive results on many difficult diseases and then came on 24 July 1996 to submit application for the patent filing
that he obtained the following year. MI96A patent No. 001,557.
Since 1997, the year in which Dr. Ruffini obtained the official patent with the copyright and protection of intellectual
authorship and a good control over the otherwise possible economic speculation by pharmaceutical companies, Dr.
Ruffini has contacted and informed the so-called "competent medical bodies" in the hope that it could be started
successfully the official procedure for national and international recognition of such great treatment. Since 2008 we
started to update constantly the official site www.metodoruffini.it recognizing reporting many successful treatments and
clear communications [2].
2. Sodium Hypochlorite
Pure, sodium hypochlorite is a salt pentahydrate (NaClO · 5 H2O) which melts at about 18 ° C and is particularly
unstable[5, 7]. Both by frictioning and by heating to temperatures exceeding 35 ° C it can decompose violently.
Precisely for this reason it is never marketed in a pure state. Instead, it is used in aqueous solution, at a concentration
generally not exceeding 25%.
Chemically it is obtained by a strong alkali, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) almost neutralized by a weak acid,
which imparts to the final solution an alkaline pH; a solution of 160 g of sodium hypochlorite in a liter of water has a
pH of about 12 [5,7]. Industrially, is obtained by bubbling the chlorine gas in the sodium hydroxide, according to the
following reaction (Fig.1):
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaClO + NaCl + H2O
Fig. 1 Sodium hypochlorite, NaClO chemical formula.
Being a chemical base, sodium hypochlorite is sometimes confused with the same lye, common name of sodium
hydroxide (caustic soda), which differently is much more corrosive.
The solutions of hypochlorite up to 5.6% are sold for home use under the names of bleach[10, 11]. More
concentrated solutions (12-15%) are widely used by laundries industries and worldwide disinfection of swimming
pool’s water. For this and other purposes it is also used a white powder: the sodium dichloroisocyanurate, liberating
compound hypochlorite in water to which is added. It has cyclic molecule, where six atoms form a hexagon. Three of
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them are nitrogen, and two of these three are bonded to chlorine atoms. The chlorine-nitrogen bond is broken by water
(by hydrolysis); with its molecules, the water, known formula of H2O, attacks a hydrogen atom (H) and nitrogen an OH
group to chlorine, giving HOCl, which forms hypochlorous acid. The latter is in equilibrium with its negative ion,
precisely hypochlorite, depending on the pH: if the environment is basic (pH greater than 7), prevails this ion[3, 7].
The bactericidal properties of the salts containing the latter (sodium Hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, etc.) were
clarified in 1881 by the famous German microbiologist Robert Koch and by the French Louis Pasteur , but its use was
sporadic and began over sixty years in advance to disinfect and deodorize hospitals and toilets[12, 13]. Many spread
had the so-called chloride of lime, industrial mixture of chloride and calcium hypochlorite. Albert Calmette showed that
those hypochlorites destroyed the tuberculosis bacterium, well noted to be resistant to alcohol instead[14-16].
In fact, rather than the hypochlorite ion, it is much more effective the hypochlorous acid, which, as just said, is in
equilibrium with it. Such acid penetrates through the cell walls of microorganisms and interferes with some important
enzymes. However, if prevail in the products suitable for use as disinfectants, such as would be in acidic solutions (pH
below 7), they will simply retain little: in fact we have seen that, if an acid is mixed with the bleach, it releases chlorine.
For historical completeness, it must be said also that the same chlorine as such was used as a disinfectant in the first half
of the nineteenth century: [16, 17] Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist, experimented with success during a
cholera epidemic (1831).
Much time has passed since, and is absolutely worth to state that the hypochlorite is essential for disinfection, as well
as of aqueducts and pools, also of wounds and burns, bottles and teats and such many other disinfectant indications have
been used worldwide.
Its powerful action to fight viruses and bacteria make its use recommended highly by international health authorities
to combat AIDS, hepatitis, polio and cholera.[12, 18-20]
3. Hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic weak acid with chemical formula HClO. [21] It can be produced by reacting water
and dichlorine monoxide according to the following reaction:
H2O + Cl2O 2HClO
Hypochlorous acid has a strong oxidizing ability (its standard potential of reduction is of 1.61 Volt) given [22]that in
its molecule is present a chlorine atom in oxidation number +1 (which tends to decrease buying 2 electrons until
reaching the octet rule of chloride ion in oxidation number -1). Its salts derived take the name of hypochlorites. The
latter, for the same reason as HClO, enjoy oxidizing capacity (however significantly smaller) but have distinctly basic
properties (Brønsted bases) because they are salts derived from a weak acid which therefore tend to add protons to
return the corresponding acid ( Fig.2).
H2O + ClO- HClO + OH-
Fig. 2 Hypochlorous acid, HcLO chemical formula.
4. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO): How it works.
Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) is a molecule that is known historically been the subject of numerous studies and many
applications around the world[3, 6, 10, 12, 20, 21, 23, 24]; We will focus only on its health aspect (since the product is
generally used for thousands of uses) and here we report our contribution in human and veterinary medical field[3, 9,
20, 21, 25-30]. With this chapter we are willing to describe with simplicity the 99 diseases treatable or curable in only a
few applications. We would like to make a clarification: In Ruffini method are excluded those skin diseases of genetic
and autoimmune origin, allergic manifestations and neurological ones (such as diabetic neuropathy or ischemic events).
The use of Ruffini Method is just strictly dedicated to topical dermatological diseases or disorders of various etiology,
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including viral, microbial, fungal, protozoal and parasitic diseases; Also included are acid-base reactions (for example,
from formic acid).[1, 2]
We realize that the huge amount of diseases solved or at least greatly improvable by the use of Ruffini Method may
lead to disbelief in the medical world and academic environment because there is really little or no knowledge of why
the hypochlorous acid is so crucial to the disintegration of the virus, the prokaryotic cells, fungi, of protozoa and
parasites. [1, 2]
Furthermore, these five families of pathogens are the responsible of the several dermatological diseases, hence
determining the vast list that in our experience we have been greatly managed for decades. The hypochlorous acid that
is formed as a reaction to the application of sodium hypochlorite has the characteristic of breaking the hydrogen bonds
of some components of the membrane and / or cell wall including the viral envelope. As soon as these bonds cleaved,
hypochlorous acid has a very careful capacity of meeting other components of the microorganism (as it happens for
example for the helicase protein of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). At this point it also splits the hydrogen bonds of
DNA destroying it with no possibility of recovery. [18, 20]The application time can range from a minimum of 30
seconds to a maximum of 90 seconds (in rare cases up to 120 seconds). This variation depends on the consistency of the
tissue (dermis or mucosa) and the type of structure of the pathogen. [1, 2]
5. Pathogens
With Ruffini Method, we have widely experienced that the topical use of Sodium hypochlorite between 6% and 12% is
useful for the cure of pathologies of the skin and mucosa by direct application and it promises to treat over one hundred
diseases and disorders of the skin and mucous membranes often insidious and resistant to any type of traditional
treatments. From dermatitis to fungal infections of the skin and nails, the human papilloma virus, from injuries to
inflammation, from wasp stings and burns from jellyfish to sunburns, from herpes sores to shingles, and very
interesting it fights greatly against MRSA infections including the fearsome infected diabetic foot infections of
MRSA.[3, 6, 11, 18, 20, 31-35]
In particular, it acts against five classes of pathogens: Virus; Bacteria; Fungals; Protozoa; Parasites
There are also other situations in which the use of sodium hypochlorite turned out to be very useful: Insect bites;
Burns from jellyfish and stinging plants; Burns and burns home; Accidental and surgical wounds; Personal and
domestic hygiene
The areas covered by Ruffini method are: Dermatology; Gynecology; Surgery; Ophthalmology; Accident skin;
Personal hygiene; Ambient, Household room and work; Veterinary Medicine
Sodium Hypochlorite cure diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, but not all of them, indeed from this type of
treatment are specifically excluded: Genetic diseases; Autoimmune diseases; Allergic diseases; Neurological
manifestations; Psychosomatic manifestations
6. General methodology
General rule of Ruffini Method is to apply the product at specific % with specific time[1, 2]. It can be used in all the
body districts of humans and animals. Skin coverings, genitals, hair, mucosae (lips, mouth,vagina, penis, nasal
mucosae, rectus). (Figs. 3- 21) For any specific treatment and disease we have published a manual of Ruffini Method.
When applied the Ruffini Method, the burning feeling is normal (but is not negative in any way indeed is the time in
which the substance is eliminating the pathogenic cell is disintegrating and its genetic code). When this heat is felt, this
is a good sign, meaning that the substance is working to the best of its activity. Sodium hypochlorite deprives
temporarily hair fat that is deposited. The hair will be even more soft and shiny as before.
Using on the lips: In the case of pathology labial apply Sodium Hypochlorite between 6% and 12% (depending on
the disease to be treated) on the area where it appeared and leave for 60 seconds (even better to do this at the first
symptoms). Do not ingest the product. The burning does not indicate negative but positive in that it is the moment when
the substance is' breaking up the cell and the DNA of the pathogen (virus, microbes, protozoan or fungus).
7. Summary of Properties of NaClO
- Excellent germicidal function against almost all kinds of microbes, viruses, molds and spores, but not be able to
deactivate Giardia Lambia and Cryptosporidium.
- Does not work in dirty conditions and also on some metals, it is corrosive.
- If in contact with H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), there is a total loss of its efficacy.
- With the decay, it changes in salt (NaCl) and Oxygen.
- Only the respect of correct ideal storage temperature, closure and darkness of the content facilitates still useful life of
the formula, to an average content and still usefulness of ppm (active chlorine).
- It discolors clothes and could damage them inexorably.
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- Its function is for sure, only if the surface is cleaned, and then, the cleaning of the area is essential and essential in
order to complete a desired action, moreover, is a very unstable substance and inactivated by organic substances.
- With acids, it develops Chlorine and in aqueous solutions it slowly releases chlorine thus tending to disinfect the
solvent.
- It is the salt of hypochlorous acid and the anion of the Chlorine.
- To the ideal storage temperature, i.e. around 2-4 degrees centigrade there is much less time decay. At around 37
degrees, it increases the hydrolysis cell improving its full potential power. Is a powerful biological molecule oxidizing,
very active on the walls and prokaryotic virus particles (envelope and core).
- It has an oxidizing property much lower than those of 'hypochlorous acid. The reduction potential is equal to 0,878
volts, while that of 'hypochlorous acid. It is equal to 1.61 volts.
- Close to 15%, the density is greater than water and consequently settles.
- The dilution water containing metals, sunlight and the reduction of the pH make even more unstable.
- The amount of chlorine accepted by 'European Union in drinking water is 0.1mg / L.
- In countries where the taste of chlorine in drinking water is seen as a guarantee of quality (eg. in USA), the accepted
value is 10 times that of Europe: 1 mg / L.
- The O.M.S. accepts a concentration of 0.5 mg / L of chlorine in drinking water but, observed, there is no negative
effect to health even at 5 mg / L (10times).
- It is the most recommended and used disinfectant worldwide.
- Its smell, quickly disappear simply with washes of H2O2 (water peroxide). It is not poisonous. It is not allergenic. It
helps eliminate arthritic pain and inflammation with prostate simple serial application on the skin away from the sites
involved (eg. on the inner face of elbows).
- Can decrease the PCR (C-reactive protein) and ESR (Speed Erythrocyte) consequently reducing the pain from
inflammation in report of their blood values.
- Strongly more efficient than all other alternatives of disinfectants
- It is used despite all the talk as a benchmark for all disinfectants.
- Hypochlorous Acid, is equipped with a high oxidizing power and is able to damage all the cells of prokaryotic and
viral particles.
- At acid pH is formed Hypochlorous Acid with a higher antimicrobial activity, at pH alkaline ion is formed mainly
hypochlorous but with minor antimicrobial activity. The maximum activity of Hypochlorous acid is noticed at pH of
around 5 which allows only a minimal Ionic dissociation, while decreases in higher pH.
- The disinfectant power is expressed as available chlorine, in parts per million (Ppm).
- Large amplitude antimicrobial, viral and fungal spectra.
- Low concentrations of chlorine produce a strong increase in the permeability of cytoplasmic membrane. The chlorine
entering the inside of the cell shape forms Chloramines that accumulating, give rise to cell deaths.
- On the spore,s Chlorine, with increased permeability causes the breakage of the external casings.
- Already at about pH 5 there is denaturation of proteins and enzymes -SH groups, coagulation of structural proteins of
the microbe.
- pH, concentration, temperature, organic matter and ammonia, affect the antimicrobial activity of chlorine.
- The efficacy improves at higher temperatures at around 37 degrees Celsius.
- The greater amount of Hypochlorous Acid undissociated is present at about pH 5.
- Proteins supplement the chlorine in their molecules forming N-chlorine compounds (Chloramines), whereas the lipids,
especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, incorporate Chlorine even at higher values. The phenomenon of incorporation
increases with decreasing pH.
- Adding small amounts of iodine increases the antimicrobial activities.
- It never allows the resistance against virus, bacteria and fungi.
- Contact with ammonia forms the Chloramine (irritant) therefore expected urine tract infections (UTI) where it is right
to proceed before emptying and then washing neutral bladder quote.
- The salt water (Fe ++, Mn ++, Nitrates) inactivate the product.
- It must not be exposed to the direct sunlight and in a cool place.
- It can cause dangerous situations, such as swelling of the packages and their possible explosion.
- For every 10 ° C increase, (up to 37C °), it increases in 50% its antimicrobial strength.
- Chlorine has the ability to destroy the chains of the cytoplasm enzyme, (in prokaryotic cells in a few ml) thus blocking
the life cycle of the microbe and, even more simply in fungi and viruses.
- The unit of measurement ppm (parts per million), is derived from a ratio of units of measurement and, when the result
of the ratio is in the order of a millionth, it says 1 ppm more practical 0.000001. For example, the milligram (mg) can be
written as 1 ppm on a Kg, (1 million milligrams).
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8. Pathologies treated successfully with Ruffini Method
* Exclusive of Medical Intervention
Acne *
Actinomycosis *
Acute coryza (prevention only)
Adenovirus & Rhinovirus *
Apthae
Atopic dermatitis
Balanite
Balanoposthitis
Balamutiasi *
Basidiobolomycosis *
Burns (1st and 2nd degree)
Burns (3rd and 4th grade) *
Buruli ulcer *
Candida (all subtypes)
Caries ( cariogenic environment)
Chalazion *
Chancroid *
Chlamydia *
Chromoblastomycosis *
Chronic mucogenetic candida *
Chronic sinusitis (microbially infected) *
Clostridium Infections *
“Combustiforme” Staphylococcal syndrome *
Condyloma
Contact dermatitis
Cosmetics (odors)
Cutaneous anthrax
Cutaneous larva migrans
Cutaneous leishmaniasis *
Dandruff
Dermatomycoses
Disease Fournier *
Dranculosis (Guinea worm) *
Dry dental prosthesis (not of metal)
Duhring Dermatitis *
Entomophtoromycosis *
Erysipelas *
Erythema multiforme *
Erythema nodosum *
Erythrasma *
Feoifomicosi *
Ficomicosi *
Fistula *
Folliculitis
Folliculitis decalvans *
Folliculorum mite
Granuloma *
Hansen's disease (leprosy) *
Hematomycosis (cutaneous) *
Herpes simplex 1
Herpes simplex 2
Herpes Varicella Zoster 3
Hidradenitis suppurativa *
Infected diabetic foot (nonischemic) *
Insect bites (in general)
Intertrigo
Invasive aspergillosis Primary Surface *
Itching (not allergic)
Loiasis *
Maduromycosis *
Marjolin ulcer *
Molluscum
MRSA skin infections *
MST (indoor and / or outdoor) *
Mucormycosis *
Mycetoma *
Necrotizing fasciitis *
Norwegian scabies
Onychomycosis
Oral rinses
Osteomyelitis (in open segment) *
Papillomavirus (HPV)
Parasites
Paronychia (Whitlow or whitlow)
Pediculosis (Head Lice)
Penicilliosi *
Perifollicolite
Pimply
Pyomyositis (found in muscle) *
Pitiosi *
Pityriasis rosea *
Processionary (stinging)
Protozoa
Pseudofolliculitis
Psoriasis (just itching)
Rosacea (Couperose) *
Scabies
Schistosomes animals
Seborrheic dermatitis *
Sicosis
Skin abscesses *
Sporotrichosis *
Stinging (jellyfish, nettles, stinging in general)
Stings of bees, wasps, hornets and Bombi
Streptococcal cellulitis and others *
Syphilis skin *
Tinea (all forms)
Tinea Nigrans Palmaris
Treponematosi endemic *
Trichosporon cutaneum (White stone)
Viral pharyngitis (sore throat)
Warts (Municipalities, Plane and Piane) *
Wounds
Zygomycosis *
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9. Some of the hundreds of clinical cases treated successfully in both human medicine
and Veterinary medicine
Fig. 3 Mite otititis in a dog.
Fig. 4 Purulent Dermatitis in a cat.
Fig. 5 Digital dermatitis in a dog.
Fig. 6 Leishmaniosis in a dog.
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Fig. 7 Pyodermitis in a dog.
Fig. 8 Onychomycosis.
Fig. 9 HPV medical report (from positive result to HPV to negative after only 2
internal lavages).
Fig. 10 Dyshidrosis.
Fig. 11 Tinea Corporis.
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Fig. 12 Verruca piana (flat wart).
Fig. 13 Wasp sting.
Fig. 14 Psoriasis.
Fig. 15 Herper Varicella Zoster.
Fig. 16 Herpes Simplex.
Fig. 17 Diabetic foot Ulcera.
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Fig. 18 Retro auricular granuloma.
Fig. 19 Severe chronic MRSA Infection.
Fig. 20 MRSA infection.
Fig. 21 Recurrent Chronic purulent right Eye infection.
11. General Dosages
- For open wounds and mucous membranes: 6- 9 %.
- If you want a useful step in acting also in subcutaneous areas: 9- 12 % (eg. decalvans folliculitis). Only on some
tropical diseases not present in the Western world: 15 %. For any correct method please consult Dr. Ruffini [1, 2]
Acknowledgments We would like to warmly thank Mr Paolo Alessandro Ruffini, Mr Valerio Droga, Mr Damiano Luzietti and Mr
Danilo Coral for their great support in Ruffini Method field.
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