Download Key indicators, 2011 The Global Competitiveness Index The most

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
India
Key indicators, 2011
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2011
Population (millions) ................................... 1,250.2
GDP (US$ billions) ..................................... 1,676.1
GDP per capita (US$) ................................... 1,389
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 5.65
India
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
The Global Competitiveness Index
Rank
(out of 144)
Stage of development
Score
(1–7)
GCI 2012–2013 ...................................................... 59 ..... 4.3
Transition
1–2
1
GCI 2011–2012 (out of 142) ..................................... 56 ......4.3
GCI 2010–2011 (out of 139) ..................................... 51 ......4.3
Factor
driven
Transition
2–3
2
3
Efficiency
driven
Basic requirements (60.0%) .......................................85 ......4.3
Innovation
driven
Institutions
Institutions ................................................................ 70 ......3.9
Infrastructure ............................................................ 84 ......3.6
Macroeconomic environment ................................... 99 ......4.3
Health and primary education ................................. 101 ......5.3
7
Innovation
Infrastructure
6
5
Business
sophistication
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
Efficiency enhancers (35.0%) .....................................39 ......4.5
2
Higher education and training ................................... 86 ......4.0
Goods market efficiency .......................................... 75 ......4.2
Labor market efficiency ............................................ 82 ......4.2
Financial market development .................................. 21 ......4.9
Technological readiness ............................................ 96 ......3.4
Market size ................................................................. 3 ......6.2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
1
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) .............43 ......3.9
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Business sophistication ........................................... 40 ......4.3
Innovation ................................................................. 41 ......3.6
India
Factor-driven economies
The most problematic factors for doing business
Inadequate supply of infrastructure ....................................20.4
Corruption .........................................................................15.8
Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................12.7
Policy instability ...................................................................7.6
Inflation ................................................................................7.5
Access to financing .............................................................6.2
Tax regulations ....................................................................6.2
Restrictive labor regulations .................................................5.7
Inadequately educated workforce ........................................5.1
Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................3.0
Government instability/coups ..............................................2.8
Poor work ethic in national labor force ................................2.7
Tax rates..............................................................................1.9
Crime and theft ...................................................................1.0
Foreign currency regulations ................................................0.7
Poor public health ...............................................................0.7
0
5
10
15
20
Percent of responses
Note:
From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
198 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013
25
30
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
India
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/144
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
Property rights ....................................................... 4.4 ............61
Intellectual property protection ............................... 3.7 ............63
Diversion of public funds ........................................ 2.8 ............91
Public trust in politicians ......................................... 2.2 ..........106
Irregular payments and bribes ................................ 3.4 ............99
Judicial independence............................................ 4.5 ............45
Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 2.8 ............92
Wastefulness of government spending ................... 3.4 ............63
Burden of government regulation ........................... 3.0 ............98
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 3.8 ............59
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 3.9 ............52
Transparency of government policymaking............. 4.3 ............65
Gov’t services for improved business performance 3.6 ............75
Business costs of terrorism .................................... 4.8 ..........114
Business costs of crime and violence..................... 5.0 ............64
Organized crime ..................................................... 5.0 ............81
Reliability of police services .................................... 4.3 ............69
Ethical behavior of firms ......................................... 3.8 ............81
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 5.0 ............44
Efficacy of corporate boards .................................. 4.4 ............75
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......... 4.4 ............52
Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* .......... 6.0 ............39
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 3.8 ............87
Quality of roads ...................................................... 3.5 ............86
Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 4.4 ............27
Quality of port infrastructure ................................... 4.0 ............80
Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 4.7 ............68
Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ........ 3,246.9 ............13
Quality of electricity supply ..................................... 3.2 ..........110
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ........... 72.0 ..........116
Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ............................. 2.6 ..........118
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
Government budget balance, % GDP*..................-8.7 ..........136
Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 31.6 ............22
Inflation, annual % change* .................................... 8.6 ..........116
General government debt, % GDP* ..................... 68.1 ..........111
Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ...................... 64.0 ............43
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
Business impact of malaria .................................... 4.5 ..........110
Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* .......................... 1,862.2 ..........112
Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 4.6 ..........102
Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* ..................... 185.0 ..........113
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ................................. 4.6 ..........102
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................... 0.3 ............68
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* .............. 48.2 ..........112
Life expectancy, years*......................................... 65.1 ..........110
Quality of primary education ................................... 3.5 ............81
Primary education enrollment, net %* .................. 92.1 ............84
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......... 63.2 ..........107
Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*................ 17.9 ............95
Quality of the educational system ........................... 4.4 ............34
Quality of math and science education .................. 4.7 ............30
Quality of management schools ............................. 4.9 ............33
Internet access in schools ...................................... 4.0 ............75
Availability of research and training services ........... 4.3 ............59
Extent of staff training ............................................ 4.1 ............54
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
VALUE RANK/144
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
Intensity of local competition .................................. 5.4 ............34
Extent of market dominance .................................. 4.5 ............27
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy ..................... 4.6 ............34
Extent and effect of taxation................................... 3.8 ............44
Total tax rate, % profits* ....................................... 61.8 ..........123
No. procedures to start a business* ........................ 12 ..........121
No. days to start a business* .................................. 29 ............99
Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 3.7 ............87
Prevalence of trade barriers ................................... 4.2 ............78
Trade tariffs, % duty* ............................................ 12.6 ..........126
Prevalence of foreign ownership............................. 4.5 ............84
Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 4.7 ............62
Burden of customs procedures .............................. 3.8 ............84
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 34.7 ..........101
Degree of customer orientation .............................. 4.7 ............60
Buyer sophistication ............................................... 3.7 ............53
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
Cooperation in labor-employer relations ................. 4.5 ............50
Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 5.1 ............61
Hiring and firing practices ....................................... 4.0 ............71
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* ....................... 16 ............73
Pay and productivity............................................... 4.3 ............43
Reliance on professional management ................... 4.6 ............46
Brain drain ............................................................. 4.5 ............30
Women in labor force, ratio to men* ..................... 0.36 ..........133
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
Availability of financial services ............................... 5.0 ............44
Affordability of financial services ............................. 4.9 ............33
Financing through local equity market .................... 4.6 ............19
Ease of access to loans ......................................... 3.3 ............38
Venture capital availability ....................................... 3.4 ............26
Soundness of banks .............................................. 5.7 ............38
Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 5.2 ............28
Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ................................. 8 ............24
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
Availability of latest technologies ............................ 5.3 ............47
Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 5.2 ............40
FDI and technology transfer ................................... 4.9 ............44
Individuals using Internet, %* ............................... 10.1 ..........119
Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .......... 1.0 ..........101
Int’l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* .................. 5.4 ..........104
Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop.*............ 1.9 ..........102
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size
10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*................. 6.2 ..............3
10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* .................... 6.4 ..............4
11th pillar: Business sophistication
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
Local supplier quantity ........................................... 5.6 ............10
Local supplier quality.............................................. 4.5 ............69
State of cluster development.................................. 4.5 ............29
Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 3.4 ............75
Value chain breadth................................................ 4.1 ............38
Control of international distribution ......................... 4.2 ............51
Production process sophistication.......................... 4.1 ............46
Extent of marketing ................................................ 4.4 ............48
Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 3.9 ............50
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Capacity for innovation........................................... 3.5 ............42
Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 4.4 ............39
Company spending on R&D................................... 3.5 ............37
University-industry collaboration in R&D ................. 3.8 ............51
Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products ...... 3.4 ............83
Availability of scientists and engineers .................... 5.0 ............16
PCT patents, applications/million pop.* .................. 1.2 ............63
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read
the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 83.
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