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Word classes
content/open-class words or lexical categories
noun
verb
adjective
adverb
preposition (simple vs. complex)
particle/adverb/intransitive preposition
function/closed-class words or grammatical categories
determiner
auxiliary
coordinating conjunction/coordinator
subordinating conjunction/subordinator/complementiser
pronoun
preposition (simple vs. complex)
infinitive particle
Form and function
Form
NP
VP
VGP
AP
AdvP
PP
S
CP/S'
SC
Function
complement
modifier
subject
direct object
indirect object
prepositional object
subject complement/predicate
object complement/predicate
object/complement of preposition
noun complement
adjective complement
verb complement
e.g. adverbial (adjunct, disjunct, conjunct)
Verbs
transitive, ditransitive, intransitive, complex transitive, copular (stative vs. dynamic),
prepositional, phrasal, phrasal prepositional
Tense
Aspect
Voice
Modality
Mood
present, past, /
progressive, perfect, /
active, passive, /
deontic, epistemic, dynamic, /
indicative (or unmarked), subjunctive, imperative, /
Marked sentences
preposing/fronting/topicalisation
postposing/end-shift
left dislocation, right dislocation
inversion
extraposition (including discontinuity)
cleft
pseudo-cleft
passive
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