Download Tax Syllabus

INSECT TAXONOMY (Entomology 524)
INSECT CLASSIFICATION (Entomology 409)
Karl Kjer, Associate Professor, 121 and 129 Blake Hall, 932-9880/4269
e-mail: [email protected]
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Evolution, classification, and identification of orders and
families of adult insects.
OBJECTIVES Students should become familiar with:
1.
The characteristics used in the identification of adult insects
to family. (Grad. students: identification of selected insects
to species.)
2.
The evolution and classification of the insect orders.
3.
The techniques of collecting and curating insects and with
the procedures used to reconstruct phylogenies.
4.
How taxonomic practices are now linked to evolutionary
principles.
COURSE ASSIGNMENTS AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES:
Lab exams (4) (iden. of insect families)
Midquarter written exam
Collection
Web participation
Final written exam
409
30%
25%
20%
5%
20%
524
30%
20%
25%
5%
20%
COLLECTION:
Collection: Graded on 3 criteria: Technique, Diversity and Identification.
Download the document on collection requirements
ECOMPANION WEBSITE:
The course is organized on the eCompanion website. The web has expanded
considerably in recent years, to the point where you will be able to study
insect diversity at home. I will provide hyperlinked text files for this
purpose on the eCompanion website. There is an example of the text file
at the end of this syllabus. Reading materials will be posted on the "doc
sharing" portion of the website. I will post your scores within one day of
each quiz, so you can track your standing at any time on the website.
TEXT (recommended, but not required):
Johnson, N.F., C.A. Tripplehorn. 2004. An Introduction to the Study of Insects,
7th ed. Brooks Cole Publishing.
SUPPLEMENTAL (recommended):
Torre-Bueno, J.R. de la. 1989. The Torre-Bueno Glossary of Entomology /
compiled by Stephen W. Nichols; including supplement A by George S.
Tulloch — Rev. ed. The New York Entomological Society.
Peterson Field guides to insects, beetles, eastern moths, and eastern butterflies.
* About texts: I am going to be bringing books in, and we can share. If you like
texts and field guides, buy them. But you would be fine without them:
they will just be for identifying insects in the lab.
Field trips: All field trips are optional, but remember that the insect collection is 2025% of your grade, and also remember that your ability to find insects in New Jersey will
decline with every week of the course. That means you need to get out there NOW and
catch some bugs. And if you have no idea what you are doing you will need some help. I
will offer that help with the field trips, every Saturday in September. We will go on an
overnight camping trip on the 17th. I will provide gear and food, so save the date.
Web participation: There is SO much out there on the web. If you share images and/or
website with the class, I will give you credit. You should be using the web to prepare for
class and study. If you find a particularly good website for a group we are studying, share
it on the eCompanion website. If you do it in time for me to include it in class, I will
offer points. The quality of the images, and website must be of sufficient quality for me
to use it, at my discretion.
Syllabus
(Fall 2010)
Sep
2
8
9
13
16
20
23
27
30
Introduction “Why are there so many insects?”
Lab: Collection equipment and technique. (Freeze if in doubt)
To Helyar woods
Classification and Arthropoda
"Apterygota"
Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera: Dr Frank Carle, guest expert
Lab: Aquatic collection and preservation
Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera: Dr Frank Carle, guest expert
"Orthoptera" & related orders
"Orthoptera"
Lab: Tour insect museum
Hemiptera/“Homoptera” & others
Lab quiz #1 (Arthropoda- “Orth.”)
Hemiptera/“Homoptera”
Lab: immatures.
Oct
4
7
11
14
16
21
25
28
Hemiptera/“Homoptera” - optional study lab
Coleoptera
Midterm written exam
Coleoptera
Coleoptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Lab quiz #2 (Hemiptera/“Homoptera”, Col.)
Mecoptera, Siphonaptera
1
4
8
Diptera
lecture: evolution concepts, lab: Diptera
lecture: phenetic and evolutionary classifications, lab: Diptera
Nov.
11
15
22
25
29
Lab quiz #3 (Neuropt., Dipt., Mecopt.,Siph.) lecture: Linnean
classification system, lab: Lepidoptera/Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Study day (Monday = Wednesday this week, because of the break)
Thanksgiving break
Lepidoptera
Dec
2
6
9
13
lecture: Computerized cladistics, PAUP, lab: Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera
Special topic: Social insects, lab: Hymenoptera Lab quiz #4 (Trich. Lep.
Hym.)
EXAM WEEK
Final exam
Example of Lab text files, available on the eCompanion website.
Insect Taxonomy/Identification
Lab Handout
Paraneoptera
Order Psocoptera or Psocodea (booklice & barklice)
http://tolweb.org/Psocodea/8235
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/psocop~1.html
1.
Small, winged or apterous. Face bulging, antennae long and slender. Venation
reduced, FW > HW, with wings held rooflike over body.
Order Phthiraptera ("Mallophaga" + Anoplura = lice)
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/phthir~1.html
http://tolweb.org/Phthiraptera
2.
Small (< 5 mm), wingless, flattened. Antennae short, 3-5 segmented. Head wide
(“Mallophaga”) or narrow (Anoplura). Mouthparts chewing(“Mallophaga”) or
sucking(Anoplura). Cerci lacking.
Order Hemiptera [true bugs (Heteroptera) & homopterans]
http://tolweb.org/Hemiptera/8239
Great website : Follow the hyperlinks on this site. The pictures are great.
Taxon Sternorrhyncha
3. Family Psyllidae (jumping plantlice) Jumping_plant_louse
Small (2-5 mm). Wings held rooflike over body. Antennae 10-segmented.
4. Family Aleyrodidae (whiteflies) http://www.tolweb.org/Aleyrodidae/10984
Minute (2-3 mm). Body and wings covered with a white powder.
5. Family Aphidididae (aphids) http://tolweb.org/Aphididae Winged or apterous.
Pair of cornicles near posterior end of abdomen.
6. Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects) http://www.tolweb.org/Dactylopiidae
Observe the examples of scales that we have; look at further examples in Borror et
al. (1989). Don’t look like insects at all.
Taxon Auchenorrhyncha
7. Family Cicadidae (cicadas) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicada
Large insects with large, clear wings; FW membranous. 3 ocelli.
8. Family Cercopidae (froghoppers & spittlebugs) spittle_bugs_cercopidae
Small jumping insects. Hind tibiae with 1 or 2 stout spines, and usually a circlet
of spines at apex. 8, 9 and 10 look similar- distinguish by tibial spines.
9. Family Membracidae (treehoppers) treehoppers_membracidae
Small jumping insects. Pronotum projecting backwards over abdomen, often
highly developed (especially in tropical species). Common species looks like a
bison.
10. Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) leafhoppers_cicadellidae
Hind tibiae with 1 or more rows of small spines.
11. Superfamily Fulgoroidea (planthoppers) planthoppers_fulgoroidea
Antennae arising on sides of head beneath eyes, separated from front of head by a
vertical carina.
Taxon Heteroptera heteropterologie.de/famthumbs.php
12. Family Mesoveliidae (water treaders) http://bugguide.net/node/view/8999
Small, elongate; greenish or yellowish. Clavus of FW membranous; membrane
veinless. Antennae long, slender. Tarsal claws apical. Ocelli present.
13. Family Hydrometridae (water measurers)
http://tolweb.org/Hydrometridae/10910
Small, delicate bugs, with elongate body. Head long and slender, eyes bulging in
the middle.
14. Family Veliidae (riffle bugs) http://tolweb.org/Veliidae/
Small (< 5 mm), neustonic bugs. Tarsal claws anteapical. Hind femora extending
little, if any, beyond apex of abdomen.
15. Family Gerridae (water striders) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_strider
Larger than veliids, also inhabiting the water-surface. Tarsal claws anteapical.
Hind femora extending well beyond apex of abdomen.
16. Family Saldidae (shore bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Saldidae/10922
Small, oval, flattened semiaquatic bugs. FW membrane with 4-5 long closed
cells. good picture
17. Family Belostomatidae (giant water bugs and toe biters)
http://www.tolweb.org/Belostomatidae/10926
Medium to large. Brownish, oval, flat, with strong, raptorial forelegs.
Short, retractile respiratory appendages at tip of abdomen. Looks like a roach.
Careful, these can bite.
18. Family Nepidae (water scorpions) http://www.tolweb.org/Nepidae/10925
Slender-elongate or elongate-oval. Forelegs slender and raptorial. Long,
nonretractable breathing tube at tip of the abdomen.
19. Family Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Gelastocoridae/10930
Gelastocorid2.html
Small, toad-shaped bugs with bulging eyes (like a toad).
20. Family Corixidae (water boatmen) http://tolweb.org/Corixidae/10931
Front
tarsi 1-segmented and scoop-shaped. Beak very short and hidden,
appearing 1-segmented. Compare with Notonectidae: more flattened, sometimes
stripped.
21. Family Naucoridae (creeping water bugs and gator fleas) creeping.html
Small, oval, with flattened body. Somewhat similar to belostomatids but with
front femora greatly enlarged. Careful, these can bite.
22. Family Notonectidae (backswimmers)
http://www.tolweb.org/Notonectidae/10937 notonectidae_family.htm
Similar to corixids but convex and with front tarsi unmodified. Careful, these can
bite.
23. Family Pleidae (pygmy backswimmers)
http://www.umd.umich.edu/eic/aquatic_insecta/hemiptera/pleidae_family.htm
Small (≤ 3 mm), oval. Similar to notonectids, but much smaller, with more
convex body.
24. Family Cimicidae (bed bugs) http://tolweb.org/Cimicidae/10888
Flat, oval, ≤ 6 mm, wings vestigial. Pale.
25. Family Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs)
http://www.myrmecos.net/insects/Anthocorid1.html
Small, ~ 3-5 mm, oval, flattened, black with white markings. Hemelytra with a
cuneus. Beak 3-segmented.
26. Family Phymatidae (ambush bugs)Front femora greatly thickened. Abdomen
wider in distal half, extending laterally
beyond wings.
27. Family Reduviidae (assasin bugs) ReduviidPics.html
Body generally oval, (sometimes greatly elongate, resembling a walkingstick).
Beak short, 3-segmented, its tip fitting into a stridulatory groove in the prosternum. Head
elongate with part behind the eyes necklike; transverse groove between the eyes.
28. Family Miridae (plant bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Miridae/
Small, ~< 10 mm, oval or elongate. Hemelytra with cuneus, membrane with 1 or 2
closed cells. Bend at the back.
29. Family Nabidae (damsel bugs) http://tolweb.org/Nabidae/10878
Elongate, oval. Ocelli present. Prothoracic legs with femora slightly thickened.
Membrane of hemelytra with numerous marginal cells.
30. Family Tingidae (lace bugs) http://tolweb.org/Tingidae/10874
Body and wings with reticulate sculpturing (giving it a “lacey” look).
31. Family Aradidae (flat bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Aradidae/10943
Small, dark, very flat, oval. Wings narrow, abdomen extends beyond them.
32. Family Alydidae (broad-headed bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Alydidae/10971
Head nearly as wide and as long as pronotum.
33. Family Coreidae (leaf-footed bugs) http://www.tolweb.org/Coreidae/10972
Membrane of hemelytra with many veins. Head narrower and shorter than
pronotum. Scent glands present between middle and hind coxae. Hind tibiae
sometimes dilated and leaflike.
34. Family Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs)
http://www.tolweb.org/Rhopalidae/10974
Membrane of hemelytra with many veins. Usually pale-colored (most specimens
in lab collection are black with red margins). < 10 mm. Scent glands absent.
35. Family Berytidae (stilt bugs) http://bugguide.net/node/view/89
Slender, 5-9 mm. Legs and antennae long and slender. Last antennal segment
short and spindle-shaped.
36. Family Lygaeidae (seed bugs)
Similar to Coreidae and Rhopalidae. Scent glands present. Membrane of
hemelytra with only 4-5 veins.
37. Family Piesmatidae (ash-grey leaf bugs)
http://heteropterologie.de/famthumbs.php
Small, ~ 3 mm, corium and clavus with an irregular network of small cells (pits).
38. Family Cydnidae (burrower bugs) http://bugguide.net/node/view/6980
Similar to Pentatomidae but with strong spines on tibiae.
39. Family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) http://tolweb.org/Pentatomidae/
Scutellum large and triangular, but not longer than corium and not reaching apex
of abdomen. Spines weak or absent on tibiae.
40. Family Scutelleridae (shield-backed bugs) http://tolweb.org/Scutelleridae/
Similar to Pentatomidae, but scutellum extending to apex of abdomen.
41. Family Thyreocoridae (black bugs)
http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/negro_bugs_thyreocoridae
Similar to Scutelleridae (scutellum covering most of abdomen), but tibiae armed
with strong spines and body color shining black. Looks like a beetle.
Order Thysanoptera (thrips)
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/thrips.html
42.
Slender, minute (~ 0.5-2.0 mm). Wings (if present) 4 and fringed with long hairs.
Conical beak (mouth parts) at base of head on ventral side.