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PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY Phosphopentose isomerase Ribose-5-P H+ Lactonase Glucose NADPH + H+ Glucose-6-P DH H2O 6-P-Gluconate 6-P-Gluconolactone ATP ADP NADP NADP 6-P-gluconate DH Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase H2O Glucose-6-phosphate NADPH + H+ Phosphoglucose isomerase Ribulose-5-P Phosphopentose epimerase Nucleotide synthesis Pi Hexokinase Fructose-6-phosphate Transketolase ATP Xylulose-5-P ADP Pi Glucose-6-phosphatase H2O Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Erythrose-4-P Transketolase Phosphofructokinase Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Sedohetulose-7-P NAD + Pi Transaldolase NADH + H+ Triose phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde -3-P DH Fatty acid GLYCOLYSIS & Phosphoglycerate kinase GLUCONEOGENESIS 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ADP ATP Glyceraldehyde-3-P FA β-OXIDATION HS-CoA + ATP Acyl-CoA synthetase AMP + PPi Fatty acyl-CoA 3-Phosphoglycerate Carnitine Fatty acyl carnitine Phosphoglycerate mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate Carnitine Most AAs Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase α-KG α-Keto acid GDP + CO2 H2O ADP ATP ADP + Pi α-KG Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate ATP + CO carboxylase 2 TPP NH4+ Pyruvate DH Most AAs H2O + CO2 + 2ATP Carbamoyl phosphate UREA CYCLE α-Keto acid Acetyl-CoA Glutamate Acetyl-CoA Thiolase HS-CoA Lipoic acid TPP H2O Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase PYRUVATE DH NAD Acetyl-lipoic acid Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase α-Ketoglutarate Fatty acyl-CoAC-2 NADH + H+ Hydroxyethyl-TPP NADH + H+ Δ2 trans enoyl CoA NAD Pyruvate DH CO2 FADH2 Lactate Lactate DH L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA β-keto fatty acyl CoA Argininosuccinate synthetase NAD L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH NADH + H+ FADH2 Dihydrolipoyl DH HS-CoA FAD Dihydrolipoic acid NADH2 Citrate Aconitase H2O cis-Aconitate Citrate synthase Citrulline FAD Acyl-CoA DH CORI CYCLE Pyruvate Oxaloacetate NAD + H2O Fatty acyl-CoA Enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate GTP Glutamate Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase HS-CoA H2O Oxaloacetate Aspartate Aconitase NADH + H+ Ornithine transcarbamoylase Argininosuccinate Ornithine Arginase H2O AMP + PPi Arginine CYTOSOL Argininosuccinase Urea MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX ATP Malate DH CITRIC ACID CYCLE NAD Malate Isocitrate NAD Isocitrate DH Fumarase NADH + H+ + CO2 α-Ketoglutarate H2O Fumarate NAD + CoA α-KG DH FADH2 Succinate DH (aka ETC Complex II) FAD Succinate GTP + CoA Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi NADH + H+ + CO2 Succinyl-CoA Synthetase PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY Phosphopentose isomerase Ribose-5-P H+ Lactonase Glucose NADPH + H+ Glucose-6-P DH H2O 6-P-Gluconate 6-P-Gluconolactone ATP ADP NADP NADP 6-P-gluconate DH Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase H2O Glucose-6-phosphate NADPH + H+ Phosphoglucose isomerase Ribulose-5-P Phosphopentose epimerase Nucleotide synthesis Pi Hexokinase Fructose-6-phosphate Transketolase ATP Xylulose-5-P ADP Pi Glucose-6-phosphatase H2O Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Erythrose-4-P Transketolase Phosphofructokinase Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Sedohetulose-7-P NAD + Pi Transaldolase NADH + H+ Triose phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde -3-P DH Fatty acid GLYCOLYSIS & Phosphoglycerate kinase GLUCONEOGENESIS 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ADP ATP Glyceraldehyde-3-P FA β-OXIDATION HS-CoA + ATP Acyl-CoA synthetase AMP + PPi Fatty acyl-CoA 3-Phosphoglycerate Carnitine Fatty acyl carnitine Phosphoglycerate mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate Carnitine Most AAs Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase α-KG α-Keto acid GDP + CO2 H2O ADP ATP ADP + Pi α-KG Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate ATP + CO carboxylase 2 TPP NH4+ Pyruvate DH Most AAs H2O + CO2 + 2ATP Carbamoyl phosphate UREA CYCLE α-Keto acid Acetyl-CoA Glutamate Acetyl-CoA Thiolase HS-CoA Lipoic acid TPP H2O Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase PYRUVATE DH NAD Acetyl-lipoic acid Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase α-Ketoglutarate Fatty acyl-CoAC-2 NADH + H+ Hydroxyethyl-TPP NADH + H+ Δ2 trans enoyl CoA NAD Pyruvate DH CO2 FADH2 Lactate Lactate DH L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA β-keto fatty acyl CoA Argininosuccinate synthetase NAD L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH NADH + H+ FADH2 Dihydrolipoyl DH HS-CoA FAD Dihydrolipoic acid NADH2 Citrate Aconitase H2O cis-Aconitate Citrate synthase Citrulline FAD Acyl-CoA DH CORI CYCLE Pyruvate Oxaloacetate NAD + H2O Fatty acyl-CoA Enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate GTP Glutamate Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase HS-CoA H2O Oxaloacetate Aspartate Aconitase NADH + H+ Ornithine transcarbamoylase Argininosuccinate Ornithine Arginase H2O AMP + PPi Arginine CYTOSOL Argininosuccinase Urea MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX ATP Malate DH CITRIC ACID CYCLE NAD Malate Isocitrate NAD Isocitrate DH Fumarase NADH + H+ + CO2 α-Ketoglutarate H2O Fumarate NAD + CoA α-KG DH FADH2 Succinate DH (aka ETC Complex II) FAD Succinate GTP + CoA Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi NADH + H+ + CO2 Succinyl-CoA Synthetase H+ Phosphopentose isomerase Ribose-5-P Lactonase Glucose NADPH + H+ Glucose-6-P DH H2O 6-P-Gluconate 6-P-Gluconolactone ATP ADP NADP NADP 6-P-gluconate DH Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase H2O Glucose-6-phosphate NADPH + H+ Phosphoglucose isomerase Ribulose-5-P Phosphopentose epimerase Nucleotide synthesis Pi Hexokinase Fructose-6-phosphate Transketolase ATP Xylulose-5-P ADP Pi Glucose-6-phosphatase H2O Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Erythrose-4-P Transketolase Phosphofructokinase Aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Sedohetulose-7-P NAD + Pi Transaldolase NADH + H+ Triose phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde -3-P DH Fatty acid 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ADP ATP Glyceraldehyde-3-P HS-CoA + ATP AMP + PPi Phosphoglycerate kinase Acyl-CoA synthetase Fatty acyl-CoA 3-Phosphoglycerate Carnitine Fatty acyl carnitine Phosphoglycerate mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate Most AAs Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase α-KG α-Keto acid GDP + CO2 H2O ADP ATP ADP + Pi α-KG Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate ATP + CO carboxylase 2 TPP NH4+ Fatty acyl-CoAC-2 Most AAs H2O + CO2 + 2ATP α-Keto acid NADH + H+ Acetyl-CoA Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase Carbamoyl phosphate α-Ketoglutarate Glutamate Thiolase CO2 Acetyl-CoA HS-CoA NAD Lipoic acid TPP Acetyl-lipoic acid Argininosuccinate synthetase L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA β-keto fatty acyl CoA NAD L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH NADH + H+ FADH2 Dihydrolipoyl DH HS-CoA FAD Dihydrolipoic acid NADH2 Citrate Citrate synthase Citrulline H2O Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase Pyruvate DH Pyruvate DH Δ2 trans enoyl CoA NAD Hydroxyethyl-TPP NADH + H+ FADH2 Lactate Lactate DH FAD Acyl-CoA DH CORI CYCLE Pyruvate Oxaloacetate NAD + H2O Fatty acyl-CoA Enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate GTP Glutamate Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase HS-CoA Carnitine Aconitase H2O cis-Aconitate H2O Oxaloacetate Aspartate Aconitase NADH + H+ Ornithine transcarbamoylase ATP Malate DH Isocitrate NAD Argininosuccinate Ornithine NAD Malate Isocitrate DH Argininosuccinase Urea Arginase H2O AMP + PPi Arginine Fumarase NADH + H+ + CO2 α-Ketoglutarate H2O Fumarate NAD + CoA α-KG DH FADH2 Succinate DH (aka ETC Complex II) FAD Succinate GTP + CoA Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi NADH + H+ + CO2 Succinyl-CoA Synthetase
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