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Seed Plants
Thursday, February 21, 2013
Kingdoms
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Kingdom Archaea
Kingdom Bacteria
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plant
Kingdom Animal
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Kingdom Plantae
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Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Multicellular
Many cell types
Cell walls - cellulose
Reproductive cells encased in organs
Alternation of generations
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Alternation of
Generations
Grow into
Gametophyte (N)
Spores (N)
Produces
By
Meiosis
Sporophyte (2N)
Egg (N) Sperm (N)
combine
Zygote (2N)
Grows into
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produces
Non-Vascular Plants
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Phylum Bryophyta
Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
Gametophyte dominant generation
small, live in wet environments
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Phylum Lycophyta - club & spike mosses
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Sporophyte is dominant generation.
Phylum Pteridophyta - ferns, horsetails, whisk
ferns
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Gymnosperms
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have seeds - protect and nourish
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sporophyte dominant
“Naked seeds” - seeds not completely
enclosed
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Progymnosperms
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1st gymnosperms
650 million years ago
looked like ferns but had seeds
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Modern Gymnosperms
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Phylum Pinophyta
Phylum Cycadophyta
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Gnetophyta
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Phylum Pinophyta
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Pine-like plants
Conifers: cone-bearing
Seeds in a cone
Woody perennials
Leaves - needles or scales
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Pines - Needles in groups
White Pine (5)
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Scrub Pine (2)
Hemlock
•Needles single
•2 rows
•Small cones (1/2”)
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Spruce
• Leaves sharp.
• “bottle brush”
Norway Spruce
Blue Spruce
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Cedar and Juniper
• Leaves are scales
• Small cones
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Male Pine Cones
• 1/4 -1/2 inch
• Occur in clumps
on lower branches
Scales
Pollen
sacs
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Pine Reproduction Male
Microspore Mother Cell
Meiosis
microspores
Pollen sac
Pine pollen
male gametophyte
1 million pollen/cone
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Female cones
• Larger, Upper branches, Not at tip
scale
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ovule
Pine Reproduction Female
Ovule
Megaspore Mother Cell
egg
meiosis
megaspores
megaspore
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female
gametophyte
(1000’s of cells)
Pollen Fertilizes
Egg
Ovule Becomes
Seed
Seed
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Pine Life Cycle
Summary
Fig 23.17
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Phylum Cycadophyta - Cycads
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Leaves fern-like
Unbranched trunk
tropical
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Male and female cones
(separate plants)
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Insect pollinated
Sperm with flagella
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Phylum Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo
•One species Ginkgo biloba
•Fan-shaped leaves
•Delicate branching veins
•Deciduous
•Separate male and female
•Pollution tolerant
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Phylum Gnetophyta
Ephreda
Joint Firs
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Welwitschia
Gnetum
Angiosperms
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flowering plants
seeds in fruits
most common plant today
sporophyte dominant
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Flower Parts
Petals (corolla)
Sepals (calyx)
Receptacle
Peduncle
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Flower Parts - Male
Stamens
anther
filament
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Flower Parts - Female
Pistil
stigma
style
ovary
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Flower Parts
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Monocot vs Dicot
• Flower parts 3’s
• 1 cotyledon (seed leaf)
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• Flower parts 4’s or 5’s
• 2 cotyledons
Flower Variations
Superior Ovary
Incomplete Flowers
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Inferior Ovary
Inflorescence
Groups of Flowers on 1 peduncle
Raceme
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Spike
Umbel
Composite
Group of flowers
resembles one flower
Disk Flowers (center)
Complete, inferior
Ray flowers
incomplete
one large
petal
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