Download Earth`s Forces • Ring of Fire Movie

•  Earth’s Forces •  Ring of Fire Movie Warm-­‐Ups •  In August 2011 , Hurricane Irene hit the east coast of the US and did millions of dollars worth of damage. •  If you were the mayor of a city, which could be affected by a hurricane, how would you protect the city and its ciIzens? –  Write at least 5 sentences How many different layers make up the Earth’s structure? What are they? • 
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Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust What is the Earth’s Core? •  Solid metallic Inner Core •  Liquid metallic Outer Core •  Both made of iron and nickel What is the Mantle? •  Surrounds the core •  SoS layer of molten (melted) rock called magma!!! What is the Crust? •  Thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface What is the Atmosphere? •  Layer of gases surrounding the earth What is the Lithosphere? •  Solid rock porIon of the Earth’s surface What is the Hydrosphere? • 
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All the water elements of the Earth Oceans Seas Rivers Lakes What is the Biosphere? •  Where plants and animals live •  Includes: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, & Hydrosphere What is Plate Tectonics? •  Movement of large plates (crust) above magma in the mantle •  What proof is there? •  Fossils, plants and animals along coastlines of separated conInents What is the theory of ConInental DriS? • 
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1912 theory by Alfred Wegener Earth once had a superconInent (all connected) Called “Pangea” Plate Boundaries Plates collide, separate, and shift along these
boundaries
What type of
movements
are there?
1.  Divergent
2.  Convergent:
Subduction
3.  Convergent:
Collision
4.  Transform
Example: Sub-­‐DucIon Zone Example: Sea Floor Spreading Example: Transform Boundary San
Andreas Fault-California
What type of movement
takes place?
• Transform Movement
How are Earthquakes measured? Seismograph
Measures the size of
waves created by the
earthquake
Earthquakes Review: Plate Tectonics •  Plate Movement –  Spreading – usually ocean floor –  Sub-­‐ducIon – form Volcanoes –  Collision – form mountains –  Sliding/Shearing – cause earthquakes •  Boundaries – where plates meet –  Divergent-­‐ moving apart –  Convergent -­‐ collide –  Transform – slide past each other Volcanoes •  What is the Ring of Fire? •  Most volcanoes located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean What force might have caused this? What force might have caused this? What force might have caused this? What force might have caused this? What is Weathering? Types of Weathering are… •  Mechanical – When rocks and other minerals are broken into smaller pieces. •  Chemical – When minerals are changed completely when they mix with water and air. Like metal changing to rust. What is Wind Erosion? –  Loess is wind-­‐blown silt, sand, and clay. –  Can form sand dunes 100’s of feet deep! What is Water Erosion? •  PrecipitaIon •  Mudslides •  Avalanche What is Glacial Erosion? •  Glacia8on – changes in a landform made from a slowly moving sheet of ice (glacier) •  Moraines – rocks leS behind aSer a glacier moves •  Creates new valleys, hills, or ridges What is soil, how is it made? •  Through the process of weathering and erosion of rocks •  Humus – quality of soil 1. Texture of the soil 2. Amount of organic material in the soil