Download AP unit 10 Agriculture Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1)The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is
A)the location of the first agriculture. 1) _____
B)whether crops are grown or animals are raised.
C)the population density of the crop-producing region.
D)whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.
E)B and D
2)Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?
A)This form of subsistence is still practiced. 2) _____
B)All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture.
C)Hunter gatherers live in small groups.
D)It is a form of nomadism.
E)all of the above
3)Hunting and gathering societies
A)include about 15 percent of the world's people. 3) _____
B)are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.
C)are characterized by large concentrations of people.
D)occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.
E)are found in isolated places in the world.
4)An important agricultural hearth is
A)Ethiopia. 4) _____
B)northern China.
C)South America.
D)Southeast Asia.
E)all of the above
5)The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is
A)vegetative planting. 5) _____
B)seed agriculture.
C)sawah.
D)plant hybridization.
E)subsistence agriculture.
6)Vegetative planting probably originated in
A)Southwest Asia. 6) _____
B)northern China.
C)Ethiopia.
D)Southeast Asia.
E)all of the above
7)In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the
following?
A)western India 7) _____
B)Ethiopia
C)northern China
D)Southwest Asia
E)A, B, and C
8)The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was
probably in
A)South America. 8) _____
B)Ethiopia.
C)Southwest Asia.
D)northern China.
E)western India.
9)Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from
A)Southwest Asia. 9) _____
B)western India.
C)Ethiopia.
D)Southeast Asia.
E)northern China.
10)Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of
A)climate. 10) _____
B)distinctive cultural traits.
C)limited knowledge of alternatives.
D)physical characteristics of the land.
E)all of the above
11)Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?
A)shifting cultivation 11) _____
B)intensive
C)pastoral nomadism
D)Mediterranean
E)All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.
12)Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?
A)plantation 12) _____
B)commercial gardening
C)Mediterranean
D)truck farming
E)none of the above
13)Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation?
A)Land is cleared by slashing the vegetation. 13) _____
B)Debris is burned to provide the soil with nutrients.
C)Swiddens not under cultivation are used for fruit trees.
D)A new site is designated every few years.
E)All of the above are characteristics.
14)Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?
A)cold mid-latitude 14) _____
B)dry
C)undifferentiated Highlands.
D)humid low-latitude
E)warm mid-latitude
15)Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world's land area?
A)shifting cultivation 15) _____
B)livestock ranching
C)pastoral nomadism
D)intensive subsistence
E)dairying
16)Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's
people?
A)shifting cultivation 16) _____
B)pastoral nomadism
C)hunting and gathering
D)plantation
E)intensive subsistence
17)Defenders of shifting cultivation say it is the best approach for the tropics because
A)shifting cultivation destroys less tropical rain forest than permanently clearing the
land. 17) _____
B)shifting cultivation is part of the cultural diversity of folk customs in the tropics.
C)permanently clearing fields and using fertilizers will destroy tropical soils.
D)it requires a lot of land to feed a small number of people.
E)A, B, and C
18)Only about 15 million people are nomads, but they sparsely occupy
A)most of the tropical regions of the earth. 18) _____
B)20 percent of the earth's land area.
C)most of the islands of the south Pacific.
D)10 percent of the earth's land area.
E)50 percent of the undifferentiated highlands.
19)The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice
A)shifting cultivation. 19) _____
B)plantation agriculture.
C)hunting and gathering.
D)pastoral nomadism.
E)intensive subsistence.
20)Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized
by which of the following? 20) _____
A)greater use of animal power
B)smaller farms
C)higher agricultural density
D)more diversified cropping
E)all of the above
21)Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following?
A)funds B) equipment C) labor D) land E) C and D 21) _____
22)Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?
A)flooding the plowed field with water 22) _____
B)preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen
C)growing seedlings in a nursery
D)transplanting seedlings into the flooded field
E)all of the above
23)The most important reason why most people in North China grow crops other than
wet rice is
A)climate. 23) _____
B)cultural preference.
C)harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.
D)tradition.
E)soil.
24)Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region?
A)dry 24) _____
B)warm mid-latitude
C)polar
D)humid low-latitude
E)cold mid-latitude
25)Pastoral nomads
A)occupy only their own territory, moving with the seasons to find forage and water. 25)
_____
B)occupy different territory each year to find forage and water.
C)consume mostly meat, rather than grain.
D)are expanding their territory in North Africa and the Middle East.
E)prefer sheep to goats because sheep require less water and will forage on virtually
any vegetation.
26)The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is
A)transhumance. 26) _____
B)livestock ranching.
C)practiced mostly in the tropics.
D)shifting cultivation.
E)pastoral nomadism.
27)To increase crop yields, farmers in southeastern China commonly practice
A)transhumance. 27) _____
B)threshing.
C)shifting cultivation.
D)pastoral nomadism.
E)double cropping.
28)To separate husks from seeds, Asian farmers beat the heads on the ground, a
practice known as
A)grazing. 28) _____
B)chaff.
C)winnowing.
D)polishing.
E)threshing.
29)A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is
A)better integration of crops and livestock. 29) _____
B)limited use of chemicals.
C)sensitive land management.
D)use of pesticide resistant seed.
E)A, B, and C
30)Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which
of the following?
A)low percentage of farmers in the labor force 30) _____
B)output consumed on the farm
C)farm size
D)surplus production
E)heavy use of machinery
31)Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in
Europe?
A)mediterranean agriculture 31) _____
B)mixed crop and livestock farming
C)dairy farming
D)grain farming
E)livestock ranching
32)In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry.
This is known as
A)mechanized farming. 32) _____
B)food processing.
C)commercial farming.
D)mixed crop and livestock farming
E)agribusiness.
33)What is the purpose of crop rotation?
A)maintaining the fertility of fields 33) _____
B)maintaining price supports
C)reducing transportation costs
D)responding to shifting consumer preference
E)maintaining fresh products for market
34)The primary factor in von Thumlaut(u)nen's model for choosing commercial farm
products is
A)labor cost. 34) _____
B)market location.
C)soil character.
D)land price.
E)climate.
35)Von Thumlaut(u)nen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the
following types of agriculture? 35) _____
A)ranching in the dry lands of North Africa
B)shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America
C)intensive subsistence in South China
D)dairying in the Northeast United States
E)mediterranean agriculture in central Chile
36)According to the von Thumlaut(u)nen model, timber production was located in the
second ring from the city because of what factor? 36) _____
A)labor intense harvesting methods
B)need for a vast area
C)perishability
D)delivery time
E)product weight
37)The farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of
output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because 37) _____
A)rural populations drink less milk per capita than urban dwellers.
B)land costs are lower farther from the urban area.
C)transport costs are greater farther from the urban area.
D)the quality of soil is lower near an urban area.
E)processed milk is less perishable.
38)China, the United States, Russia, and India are the leading producers of
A)commercial grain. 38) _____
B)corn (maize).
C)wool.
D)sugar cane.
E)milk products.
39)After corn, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is
A)soybeans. 39) _____
B)barley.
C)fruits and vegetables.
D)sugar beets.
E)wheat.
40)Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply?
A)increasing tariffs on grain exports 40) _____
B)increasing exports of surplus production
C)increasing land productivity
D)identifying new food sources
E)expanding arable land area
41)In the winter wheat area, the crop is planted in
A)spring and harvested in autumn. 41) _____
B)winter and harvested in spring.
C)spring and harvested in summer.
D)winter and harvested in autumn.
E)autumn and harvested in summer.
42)Ranching has declined in the southwestern United States primarily because
A)the predominant breed of cattle has changed. 42) _____
B)export tariffs on beef.
C)crops yield more income per area.
D)the region lacks adequate water supplies.
E)long-distance cattle drives are no longer practical.
43)Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of
agriculture?
A)Mediterranean agriculture 43) _____
B)dairying
C)grain
D)pastoral nomadism
E)shifting cultivation
44)The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have
similar
A)cultural beliefs. 44) _____
B)broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts.
C)climate.
D)levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.
E)social customs.
45)Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?
A)olives B) butter C) cereals D) fruits E) grapes 45) _____
46)A good bottle of wine is most likely to come from
A)Chile. 46) _____
B)Equador.
C)Brazil.
D)Venezuela.
E)Guatamala.
47)Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the
following problems?
A)declining market demand 47) _____
B)inadequate income
C)access to fertilizers
D)surplus production
E)lack of equipment
48)Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through
A)adopting shifting cultivation. 48) _____
B)encouraging traditional subsistence agriculture.
C)bartering with urban residents.
D)feeding the rapidly growing population.
E)selling export crops.
49)The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is
A)commercial gardening. 49) _____
B)dairy farming.
C)mixed crop and livestock.
D)Mediterranean agriculture.
E)plantation farming.
50)Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are
A)situated in densely populated locations. 50) _____
B)owned by people in less developed countries.
C)part of agribusiness.
D)found primarily in less developed countries.
E)all of the above
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
51)About two-thirds of the people in the world are farmers. 51) _____
52)Most of the wheat grown in the American grain region is consumed by animals. 52)
_____
53)Subsistence agriculture is designed mainly to generate products for sale off the farm.
53) _____
54)Most people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have become commercial farmers.
54) _____
55)Hunting and gathering is still practiced by isolated groups in Africa, Australia, and
South America. 55) _____
56)Shifting cultivation can support large population concentrations in East and South
Asia. 56) _____
57)Intensive subsistence agriculture involves large amounts of efforts used to produce
the maximum feasible yield from a given piece of land. 57) _____
58)The type of agriculture practiced on a commercial farm depends on access to
markets rather than on the suitability of land for particular crops. 58) _____
59)Developing countries are responsible for a small percentage of the world's milk
production. 59) _____
60)Ranching is practiced in the dry lands of both more developed and less developed
countries. 60) _____
61)Crops grown in the mixed crop and livestock region are used primarily to feed
animals. 61) _____
62)Despite its location far from world markets, New Zealand is a major dairy producer.
62) _____
63)Most mixed crop and livestock farms in the United States are owned by large
corporations rather than individual families. 63) _____
64)The one type of commercial agriculture found in developing countries rather than
more developed countries is truck farming. 64) _____
65)Vegetative planting originated in Southeast Asia. 65) _____
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or
answers the question.
66)What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the population concentrations
of East and South Asia? 66) _________
67)What is the most important crop grown in East Asia? Why is this crop grown
extensively in the southern part of the region but not in the northern part? 67)
_________
68)In shifting cultivation, how do farmers clear their fields for planting? 68) _________
69)What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the dry lands of less developed
countries? 69) _________
70)What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the dry lands of the
southwestern United States? 70) _________
71)What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the U.S. Midwest, from Ohio to
Iowa?
What are the two most important crops in this region? 71) _________
72)What type of agriculture would you expect to find in the northeastern United States?
72) _________
73)To raise money for development, what kind of crops are farmers in less developed
countries encouraged to grow? 73) _________
74)Prior to the invention of agriculture, how did most people obtain their food? 74)
_________
75)Given your knowledge of population and climate patterns, match the region of
Europe to the predominant type of agriculture:
________ northwest!
a. dairying
________ south! b. grain
________ east!
c. Mediterranean 75) _________
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
76)Why are farmers suffering from low incomes in both more and less developed
countries?
77)Discuss some of the problems encountered in the policy of encouraging farmers to
grow export crops in less developed countries.
78)Corn is a major crop in both the United States and Mexico; describe the main
differences in the patterns of production and consumption of corn in these two
countries.
79)Explain the sustainable agriculture principals and complex management issues of
integrated crop and livestock farming.
80)Compare the distinctive types of agriculture found in the dry lands of more and less
developed regions.