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Oct 26th Daily Questions Yes write it down Water is a Polar molecule because it has a negative pole and a positive pole. Oil is a neutral. Title: Oct 267:25 AM (1 of 6) nonpolar molecule because it is Organic Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other elements usually also contain H, O, and other carbon atoms Macromolecules A large molecule made of many smaller molecules Major classes • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins •Nucleic acids Title: Oct 267:27 AM (2 of 6) Similarities • long chain • monomerrepeating subunit • covalent bonds Carbohydrates Elements present/ Monomer Sugar glucoseC6H12O6 Functions Store energy Provide Structure Examples Starchproduced by plants Glycogenhow animals store carbohydrates Cellulose provides structure in plants Special properties Monosaccharidesingle sugar (glucose) Disaccharide 2 sugars (table sugarglucose and fructose) Polysaccharide3 or more sugars Title: Oct 267:31 AM (3 of 6) Lipids Elements present/ Monomer CHO, more C and H than carbohydrate Glycerol and 3 fatty acids (long chains of CH2 units) FA Functions Store energymore energy in 1 g of fat than 1 g of carbohydrates Form membranes Hormonessteroids Light Absorptionchlorophyll Examples Body fat Cell membrane testosterone chlorophyll Special Properties Saturatedonly singe covalent bonds • solid at room temp • Produced by animals • Butter and cheese Unsaturatedhas at least one double bond • liquid at room temp • producted by plants • oil Title: Oct 267:42 AM (4 of 6) Proteins Elements present/Monomer Amino Acids-20 different types Functions Enzymes Structural components Peptide hormones Examples Lactase Collagen-cartilage & tendons Keratin-horns, hair, feathers Insulin Special Properties Different order of AA and shape (folding, twisting, bending) makes different proteins Title: Oct 2611:45 PM (5 of 6) Nucleic Acids Elements present/Monomer Nucleotide: phosphate group 5 Carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Ring shaped nitrogen base Function Store genetic information Direct the production of proteins Examples DNA -form complexes with proteins to make chromosomes RNA -Can act as an enzyme Special properties DNA-double helix RNA-single strand Title: Oct 2611:59 PM (6 of 6)
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