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Chapter 7
TEST YOURSELF- Chapter 7
Cranial Bones
1. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings. Some of the markings are
found on more than one bone. List all that apply.
a. Frontal squama: frontal
b. Zygomatic process: frontal and temporal (maxilla too, but it is a facial bone)
c. Hypoglossal canal: occipital
d. Glabella: frontal
e. Coronal suture: frontal and parietal
f. Crista galli: ethmoid
g. Pterygoid process: sphenoid
h. Orbital plate: ethmoid
i. Petrous region: temporal
j. Mastoid process: temporal
k. Sella turcica: sphenoid
l. Cribriform plate: ehtmoid
m. Supraorbital margin: frontal
n. Foramen ovale: sphenoid
o. Carotid canal: temporal
p. Lesser wing: sphenoid
q. Sinus: frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid (maxilla, but it is a facial bone)
Cranium
2. Name the portion of the cranium that covers the brain: vault/calvaria
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3. Which markings of the cranium cradle the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the brain?
The cranial fossae
Facial Bones
4. Give the name of the facial bone for each of the following descriptions:
a. Forms the bridge of the nose: nasal
b. Forms the hard palate of the mouth (two bones): palatine and maxilla
c. “cheek” bone: zygomatic
d. Forms the nasal septum (two bones): vomer with ethmoid (a cranial bone)
e. Forms the medial wall of the orbit (two bones): lacrimal and ethmoid (a cranial bone)
f. Forms a joint with the temporal bone of the cranium: mandible
g. Secures the teeth (two bones): maxilla and mandible
Hyoid Bone
5. Name the three markings of the hyoid bone: lesser cornua (horn), greater cornua (horn) and
body
6. Give the function of the hyoid bone: attaches the muscle and tissue of the tongue; attaches
some muscles of the neck
Vertebral Column
7. How many vertebra are in each of the following regions of the spine:
a. Thoracic: 12
b. Sacral: 5
c. Cervical: 7
d. Coccygeal: 4 (on average)
e. Lumbar: 5
8. List the four curvatures of the spine. Indicate which are primary and which are secondary:
cervical (secondary), thoracic (primary), lumbar (secondary), sacral (primary)
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9. List the ligaments that hold the vertebral column upright: anterior longitudinal ligament,
posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum nuchae and flavum, interspinous and
supraspinous
10. Give the name for each of the following abnormal curvatures of the spine:
a. Exaggerated lumbar curvature: lordosis
b. Lateral curves when viewed anteriorly: scoliosis
c. Exaggerated thoracic curvature: kyphosis
11. The vertebral column is formed from the stacking of which marking of the vertebra?
Verterbral foramen
12. Give the names of the vertebra markings that form the vertebral arch: pedicles and lamina
13. Which markings of the vertebra articulate with the rib? Transverse facets of the transverse
processes and the superior and inferior costal facets on the body
Specific Vertebra
14. Which two bones articulate to allow the “yes” motion of the head? Atlas (C1) and Occipital
bone
15. Which two vertebrae articulate to allow the “no” motion of the head? Atlas and Axis (C2)
16. Name the vertebra type for each of the following descriptions:
a. Has a triangular vertebral foramen: lumbar and cervical
b. Has a hatchet shaped spinous process: lumbar
c. Has transverse foramen: cervical
d. Has a round vertebral foramen: thoracic
e. Articulates with the sacrum: lumbar (specifically L5)
f. Articulates with ribs: thoracic
g. Are robust to support the weight of the trunk, upper limbs and head: lumbar
h. Have facets on the transverse processes: thoracic
i. Has a bifid spinous process: cervical
j. Has a heart-shaped body: thoracic
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Upper Limb and Pectoral Girdle
17. Name the bones that form the pectoral girdle: clavicle and scapula
18. Give the names of the bones that the humerus articulates with: scapula, radius, ulna
19. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings (some may be found on more
than one bone):
a. Capitulum: humerus
b. Deltoid tuberosity: humerus
c. Medial border: scapula
d. Costal tuberosity: clavicle
e. Acromion (Acromial process): scapula
f. Head: humerus, radius, ulna
g. Neck: radius
h. Surgical neck: humerus
i. Styloid process: radius, ulna
j. Trochlear notch: ulna
k. Coronoid process: ulna
l. Coracoid process: scapula
m. Anatomical neck: humerus
n. Inferior angle: scapula
o. Spine: scapula
p. Trochlea: humerus
q. Medial epicondyle: humerus
20. List the bones of the carpus: pisiform, hamate, capitate, triquetral, scaphoid, lunate,
trapezium, trapazoid
21. Give the names of the carpals in the proximal row from medial to lateral: pisiform, triquetral,
lunate, scaphoid
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22. How are the metacarpals identified? By number; 1-5 (I-V)
23. Which digit has only two phalanx bones? Digit 1 (Pollex)
Pelvis
24. List the bones that form the bony pelvis: 2 os coxae, sacrum, coccyx
25. Identify “female” or “male” for each of the following:
a. Wider pubic arch: female
b. Robust to support larger build: male
c. Wide but shallow true pelvis: female
d. Forward tilting: female
e. Sacrum and coccyx curve anteriorly: male
26. What function is performed by the female body that requires the differences seen between the
male and female pelvis? Giving birth
Lower Limb and Pelvic Girdle
27. Name the “socket” for the hip joint: acetabulum
28. Name the bones that articulate with the femur: coxal bone and tibia
29. Name the bones that articulate with talus: tibia, fibula and calcaneous
30. Give the name of the bone for each of the following markings. Some of the markings are
found on more than one bone. List all that apply.
a. Fovea capitis: femur
b. Head: femur
c. Styloid process: fibula
d. Intercondylar eminence: tibia
e. Medial condyle: femur and tibia
f. Intertrochanteric line: femur
g. Gluteal tuberosity: femur
h. Lateral malleolus: tibia
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i. Acetabulum: os coxae (coxal bone)
j. Linea aspera: femur
k. Neck: femur and fibula
l. Greater trochanter: femur
m. Tuberosity: tibia
n. Patellar surface: femur
o. Obturator foramen: os coxae (coxal bone)
p. Anterior border: tibia
31. Which marking of the metatarsal bone articulates with the tarsals? base
32. List the tarsal bones: calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate
cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, talus
33. Which two tarsal bones accept the weight of the body in the upright position? Talus and
calcaneous
34. Describe what happens to the shape of the head with age: the face elongates/ becomes more
oval
35. Describe “differential growth: different parts of the body grow at different rates
36. Describe why there is a greater risk of intervertebral disc herniation in geriatric years: discs
have less elastic fibers; dehydration of the disc
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