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Types of Sociopolitical Organization Mesopotamia - 5,000 years ago - Located between the Tigris and Euphrates River - Taxes: Farmers contribute percentage of crops to public storages - Conflict between country and city: city wins - Uruk was one of the first Mesopotamia cities - Uruk prospered because it flooded easily and gave rich soil for farming - Created first form of writing - Assyrians take over and created first Empire by harsh tactics - Conquered many territories until conquered in 612 BC Centralized Authority Divine Leadership Writing - Cureiform (oldest), Mesopotamia, 3200 BC - Hieroglyphics, Egypt, 3200 BC - Indus Script, Indus Valley, 3200 BC - Oracle Bones, China, 1200 BC - La Venta Monument 13, Olmec MesoAmerica, 600 BC Wealth and Political Economy - Inca gold, Peru, AD 1400 - Valley of the Kings, Egypt, 1300 BC - Zaranj, Afghanistan, AD 300-900 - State economics based on accumulation of capital Military - Social complexity often includes organized expansionist aggression - Standard of Ur, Mesopotamia, 2500 BC - Maya Glyph, Mexico, AD 600 - Terracotta Army, China, 200 BC The Indus Valley Civilization - Located in floodplains around the Indus River - 3000 BC - Traded with the Mesopotamians - Traded cotton and cloth - Very peaceful people hardly any evidence of weapons Consolidation of Power - Military, Economic, Ideological, Political