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Population Genetics The Study of how Populations change over time Smallest Unit of Evolution Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies Hardy-Weinberg Theorem Hardy-Weinberg Theorem p = frequency of the dominant allele q = frequency of the recessive allele p2 = frequency of the homozygous dominant individual q2 = frequency of the homozygous recessive individual 2pq = frequency of the heterozygotes Assumptions Large Population No gene flow No net mutations No natural selection Random Mating 5 Causes of Evolution 5 Causes of Evolution Mutations 5 Causes of Evolution Gene Flow 5 Causes of Evolution Non Random Mating 5 Causes of Evolution Small Population Size - Genetic Drift Bottleneck Effect Founder’s Effect 5 Causes of Evolution Natural Selection Sexual Selection Sexual Selection No Perfect Organism Evolution is limited by historical constraints Adapations are often compromises Chance and natural selection interact Selection can only edit existing variations
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