Download 2.3 macromolecules

2.3 Carbon Compounds
MACROMOLECULES!!!!
Macromolecules
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4 main types in living things
1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. nucleic acids
4. proteins
CARBOHYDRATES!!
• Pasta party, anyone??
What do you
know about
carbohydrates
from every day
life?
What elements are carbohydrates
made of?
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• oxygen
Functions of Carbohydrates
• Main source of energy
• Structure
– (especially in plants)
What are the Types of Carbohydrates?
• 1. Simple Carbohydrates (Simply sugars)
– Aka “monosaccharides” and “disaccharides”
– Glucose
• How our bodies store sugar
– Galactose
• In milk
– Fructose
• In fruits
– Sucrose
• Table sugar
• 2. Complex carbohydrates
– Aka “polysaccharides”
– Glycogen
• How animals store excess sugar
– Starch
• How plants store excess sugar
– Cellulose
• Plants use it for strength and rigidity
LIPIDS!!!
• What elements make up a lipid?
– Mostly carbon and hydrogen
What ARE lipids?
- fats, oils, waxes
What are the functions of lipids?
• Storing energy
• Making cell membranes
• Making waterproof coverings
What monomers makes up a lipid
macromolecule?
• A glycerol molecule plus fatty acid molecules
What are the types of Lipids
• Unsaturated
– There is at least one carbon-carbon double bond
• Saturated
– The carbons have the max possible number of
hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated fats
Nucleic Acids
• What elements make up nucleic acids?
– Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus
What monomers makes up a nucleic
acid macromolecule?
• Nucleotides!
– These are a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogen base
What is the function of nucleic acids?
• Store and transmit hereditary (genetic)
information
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
• 1. DNA
– deoxyribonucleic acid
• 2. RNA
– Ribonucleic acid
PROTEINS
• Aka polypeptides
• What elements are they made up of?
– Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What monomers is a protein
macromolecule made up of ?
• Amino acids
– A compound with an amino group and a carboxyl
group
– More than 20 different amino acids exist
What is the function of proteins?
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Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form important cell structures
Transport substances into and out of cells
Help fight disease
How are proteins
organized/structured?
• Primary (1) structure
– Sequence of amino acids
• Secondary (2) structure
– How the amino acid chain folds
• Tertiary (3) structure
– The 3D structure of a chain
• 4 structure
– How different chains arrange with each other