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Student Expectations – Periodic Table Big Idea / Question(s): 1. How is the periodic table organized and how does that organization maximize the periodic table’s usefulness? 2. What similar properties do major groups (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, halogens, noble gases) in the periodic table share? 3. How do the size of an atom and the number of valence electrons within an atom effect the properties of that atom / element? Overview: This Periodic Table Unit will study how atomic structure (the number and position of electrons, protons and neutrons) effects the properties (metallic character, state of matter, type of compound most often formed by element…) and reactivity of elements. The periodic table is an excellent tool for understanding atomic structure. The periodic table also contains properties of elements both within the element boxes and from the position of the element within the table. Hopefully by the end of the unit, we will understand how powerful tool the periodic table can be for predicting properties and reactions of elements and relating those properties and reactions to atomic structure. Resources: Section 1.3 Chapter 5 (All) There are a multitude of websites on the periodic table a few good resources are: o http://www.webelements.com/, http://www.ptable.com/, http://www.periodicvideos.com/ Vocabulary Terms: __ Columns __ Periods __ Nonmetal __ Malleability __ Electrons __ State of matter __ Covalent Bond __ Groups __ Chemical Properties __ Metalloid / Semimetal __ Ductility __ Atomic radius __ Radioactivity __ Metallic Bond __ Families __ Physical Properties __ Metallic character __ Density __ First ionization energy __ Electronegativity __ Alkali Metals __ Rows __ Metal __ Conductivity __ Valence __ Reactivity __ Ionic Bond __ Alkaline Earth __ Metals __ Transition Metals __ Halogens __ Noble Gases __ Inner Transition Metals Assignments: ___ Outline and Section Review 1.3 ___ Lab – Periodic Trends - Reactivity and Properties Metals ___ Outline and Section Review 5.1 (do not do question #4) ___ Quiz – Element Symbols and Names (Elements # 1-30, and Br, Kr, Ag, I, Pt, Au, Pb, Sn, Hg, Rn, U, Pu) ___ Lab – Densities of Elements in Column 15 (Optional Extra Credit) ___ WS – Periodic Table Trends - 1 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ WS – Periodic Table Trends – 2 Outline and Section Review 6.1 Ch 5 Review Questions Pg 166 #2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 48, 49 Practice Test – Periodic Table Test – Periodic Table CONCEPTS TO KNOW (BOLDED ARE MORE IMPORTANT) 1. Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ Know the elements symbols and names for elements up to an atomic number of 30 and Br, Kr, Ag, I, Pt, Au, Pb, Sn, Hg, Rn, U, Pu 2. Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can define and give examples of the following terms: Element, Mixture and Compound. Elements are a class of substances composed of a single kind of atom. Compounds are composed of two or more different elements chemically combined. Mixtures are composed of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically combined. Each element and compound has physical and chemical properties, such as boiling point, density, color, and conductivity, which are independent of the amount of the sample. 3. C4.10 A Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can use the periodic table to find the number of electrons, protons, neutrons, atomic mass, state of matter and metallic character of any neutral element on the periodic table. 4. C4.10A Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can list the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope. 5. C4.10B Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I recognize that an element always contains the same number of protons which is also called atomic number and I can state the atomic number as one of the periodic table's organizing principles. 6. C4.8D Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can give the number of valence electrons for any element within the "S" or "P" blocks of the periodic table. Also, be able to determine whether the elements would gain or lose electrons were they going to make an ion. 7. C4.9x Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can describe that the rows (periods) in the periodic table represent the main electron energy levels of the atom. 8. C4.9 Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can state the Periodic Law and give it as the organizing principle for the periodic table. The Periodic Law States: In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons (called the atomic number). Vertical groups in the periodic table (families) have similar physical and chemical properties due to the same outer electron structures, 9. C4.9A Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can identify elements with similar chemical and physical properties using the periodic table. Know and be able to state that the similarities present in element groups come from the elements having the same number of valence electrons. 10. Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ number of valence electrons on an atom to its stability. I can relate the 11. C4.9b Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can define and identify metals, non-metals, and metalloids using the periodic table. 12. C4.9c Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can define the terms and predict general trends in _____________ using the periodic table. atomic mass reactivity atomic number metallic character atomic radius state of matter valence electrons radioactivity first ionization energy electronegativity 13. Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can use the combinations of metals and nonmetals (two metals metallic bond, two nonmetals covalent bond, and metal with nonmetal ionic bond) or electronegativity (two metals metallic bond, 0-1.7 covalent, >1.7 ionic bond) to determine the type of bond made between two elements. 14. Introduced: _______ Basic: _________ Mastered: _________ I can describe metallic, covalent and ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are bonds due to the attraction of oppositely charged atoms. Covalent bonds are created between atoms with a strong, mutual attraction for shared electrons. Metallic bonds are created between atoms with a weak, mutual attraction for shared electrons. HSCE – Periodic Table C4.10 Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes - A neutral atom of any element will contain the same number of protons and electrons. Ions are charged particles with an unequal number of protons and electrons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and essentially the same chemical and physical properties. C4.10A List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope. C4.10B Recognize that an element always contains the same number of protons. C4.8D Give the number of electrons and protons present if the fluoride ion has a -1 charge. (IONS); SWBAT - Identify the number of valence electrons, whether the elements would gain or lose electrons and give the oxidation number / charge. Students will also be able to differentiate between oxidation number and charge in words and through symbols using elements.; C4.9x Electron Energy Levels The rows in the periodic table represent the main electron energy levels of the atom. Within each main energy level are sublevels that represent an orbital shape and orientation. C4.9A Identify elements with similar chemical and physical properties using the periodic table., C4.9 Periodic Table - In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons (called the atomic number). Vertical groups in the periodic table (families) have similar physical and chemical properties due to the same outer electron structures. C4.9b Identify metals, non-metals, and metalloids using the periodic table. C4.9c Predict general trends in atomic radius, first ionization energy, and electronegativity of the elements using the periodic table. Plan - Periodic Table Get Library Time (second half) for Day 5 and 6. Day 1 and 2 C4.9, C4.10, C4.10A, C4.10b: Assign homework Section Review and Outline 1.3 due on Day 3 & Outline and Section Review 5.1 (they do not need to do question #4) due on Day 5. Announce quiz on Element Symbols and Names (Quiz on symbols for the elements up to A# 30 and Br, Kr, Ag, I, Pt, Au, Pb, Sn, Hg, Rn, U, Pu) C4.9A, C4.9 c, C4.10D - (Reactivity Trends): Lab – Periodic Trends - Reactivity and Properties Metals . Make sure to mention several times that all the elements in the first column have one valence electron, the elements in the second column have two and third column have three, etc.. Start with Al, Mg, Ca in Water, then do Li, Na and K in water and end with Mg and Al in HCl. Day 3 Discuss and Collect Lab – Reactivity of Metals; Check-In Out and SR 1.3 Videos of Na Dumping in Lake, Rb and Cs Nottingham University, ptable, Webelements and ….. Mark Rosengarten Elemental Funkiness - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PSzSTilu_s OPTIONAL: Lab – Si, Sn, Pb Densities (Must have ample amount of chemical). Day 4 – They Might Be Giants Element Song OPTIONAL: Lab – Quickly Review and Collect Lab – Si, Sn, Pb Densities. Day 5 and 6 – Grade and discuss Outline and Section Review 5.1. Review use of information within the element box of the periodic table. Transition to trends within the periodic table. Hand-out the C4.9A, C4.9b, C4.9c, C4.10C, C4.10D WS – PT Trends 1 and 2 which will be due on Day 7. Also mention that sections 5.2 and 5.3 are useful and may be some aid to the worksheets and the quiz. Have them read the section on Materials Scientist (pg 145) All Standards are covered - Power Point – Periodic Table. Lecture covers the organization of the periodic table (periodic law), easy trends (atomic number, atomic mass…..), and trend of atomic radius. Lecture will cover Ionization Energy, Valence Electrons and Bonding. Demo – Na and Cl – Add concentrated hydrochloric acid dropwise onto a small quantity of potassium permanganate crystals (in a flask). Collect the chlorine gas by upward displacement of air in a hood. Use proper safety precautions. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is extremely caustic. Chlorine gas is toxic. Reaction 6HCl + 2KMnO4 + 2H+ --> 3Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2K+ Add concentrated hydrochloric acid dropwise onto a small quantity of potassium permanganate crystals (in a flask). Collect the chlorine gas by upward displacement of air in a hood. Use proper safety precautions. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is extremely caustic. Chlorine gas is toxic. Reaction 6HCl + 2KMnO4 + 2H+ --> 3Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2K+ Day 7 – Complete PPT – Periodic Table if necessary. University of Nottingham Fluorine Video, Manson Murder Victim Introduce the Poster Assignment. Assign AT END OF HOUR Ch 5 Review Questions Pg 166 #2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 48, 49 and Outline and Section Review 6.1 due on Day 7. Day 8 – Grade and discuss WS - Periodic Trends; Complete Posters and Homework Day 9 – Present Posters. Review for Test – Periodic Table Day 10 – Quiz - Periodic Table. DEMO – NI3 (let the NI3 steep long enough and let it dry long enough) Name that element pg 35