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The Scientific Revolution Geocentric Theory Earth is the center of the universe Believed to be true until the Renaissance Aligned with the church’s teachings Nicolaus Copernicus Polish scholar Published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) Heliocentric theory- sun centered: goes against the church and ancient philosophers Tycho Brahe Supported Copernicus’ theory Gathered evidence by observing the night sky for years Johannes Kepler Calculated the orbits of planets Said planets move in an ellipse (oval shape) Galileo Galilei Assembled an astronomical telescope His discoveries caused an uproar because they contradicted ancient views of the universe Tried for heresy “And yet it moves”- referring to the earth after he was forced to renounce his theories Galileo’s telescope https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMM8vx9vDiE Scientific Method By the early 1600s observation and experimentation had emerged in the scientific field Renaissance scientists rediscovered Greek philosopher, Plato The scientific method advance the world because experiments could be tested and retested Why is it circular? Revolutionary Thinkers Francis Bacon René Descartes Stressed experimentation and observation Emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding Some historians believe that he actually wrote Shakespeare’s works “I think, therefore, I am” Breakthroughs in medicine Andreas Vesalius- On the Structure of the Human Body Researched autopsies Ambroise Paré- French physician Developed new surgical techniques, artificial limbs William Harvey- English scholar described the circulation of the blood, how the heart pumps Anton van Leeuwenhoek- Dutch inventor Perfected the microscope First human to see cells and microorganisms Robert Boyle- English chemist Explained that all matter is composed of particles that act in knowable ways Isaac Newton Gravity- the force that keeps planets in orbit Calculus- branch of mathematics that explains Newton’s laws https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCxP24qj2UQ
