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Genetic Crosses Introducing: The Mendaliens! Phenotype vs. Genotype Phenotype – what the organism looks like Red protein + Red flower Red protein White protein + White protein White flower P h e n o t y p e s Phenotype vs. Genotype Genotype – what alleles does the organism have? G e n o t y p e s Red protein + Red flower Red protein White protein + White protein White flower Use letters for convenience “R” for red allele “W” for white allele RR WW RW homozygous homozygous heterozygous Time to have kids! A parent gives ONE from each pair of chromosomes to a child. In your cells In your egg (or sperm) Plant parents: Plant babies could get: RW RW RR RW WR WW + + Use “T” for tall plant (capital letter because it’s dominant over the other allele) Use “t” for short plant (lowercase letter because it’s Recessive to the other allele) Plant parents: TT Plant babies could get: tt Tt Tt Tt Tt Plant parents: Tt Plant babies could get: Tt TT Tt Tt tt TT Tt Tt tt Genotypes ¼ TT ½ Tt ¼ tt Phenotypes ¾ tall ¼ short To make life easier may I introduce: The Punnett square! Option 1 from mom Option 2 from mom Option 1 from dad Kid Kid Option 2 from dad Kid Kid (Tt) (Tt) T t T TT Tt t Tt tt What about two traits at once? Phenotype: Pink and tall Genotype for color RW Tt Genotype for height Remember, a egg (or sperm) gets one of each pair of chromosomes, but it’s a crapshoot as to which of the pair will be chosen RT Rt R W T WT t Wt RT Rt WT Wt RT RRTT RRTt RWTT RWTt Rt RRTt Rrtt RWTt RWtt WT RWTT RWTt WWTT WWTt Wt RWTt RWtt WWTt WWtt
