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SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS HEALTH TIP OF THE DAY!! Sweating too little, anhidrosis, can be life-threatening because your body can overheat. WHICH BODY SYSTEMS BENEFIT FROM REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY? 1. 2. Physical activity strengthens your bones, reducing the risk of developing fragile bones as you age. Improves your balance and coordination HOW THE SKELETAL SYSTEM WORKS Skeletal System Functions Providing support for the body Protecting internal tissues and organs from damage Acting as a framework for attached muscles Allowing movement of limbs and digits Producing new red and white blood cells Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus CONNECTIVE TISSUE Three Types of Connective Tissue Cartilage Ligaments Tendons CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cartilage can act as a cushion between two bones or as a flexible structure for soft parts of the body, such as the tip of the nose. Cartilage A strong, flexible connective tissue CONNECTIVE TISSUE Ligaments attach to bones to create joints. Ligament A band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another CONNECTIVE TISSUE Muscles and tendons work together to move parts of the body. Tendon A fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone CONNECTIVE TISSUE All bones begin in the embryo as cartilage. Early in development, the cartilage hardens in a process called ossification. Ossification The process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired SKELETAL SYSTEM Growth Plate—area of growing tissue at the end of long bones in children and adolescents JOINTS Flexible Joints Ball-AndSocket Joints Hinge Joints Pivot Joints Types of Joints JOINTS A ball-and-socket joint is a movable joint, with one bone that is rounded and fits within another bone Hip (ball-and-socket joint) JOINTS The knee joint is one example of a hinge joint. Knee (hinge joint) SKELETAL SYSTEM Injuries and Disorders Osteoporosis Scoliosis Fractures Arthritis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome WHICH BODY SYSTEMS BENEFIT FROM REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY? 1. 2. Physical activity strengthens your muscles Improves your balance and coordination MUSCULAR SYSTEM Function: 1. Provides voluntary and involuntary movement 2. Enables the limbs and other body parts to move Two ways muscles work: Voluntary—picking up a ball, lifting weights—you control them! Involuntary—cardiac muscle, muscles of digestive system—You don’t control them WHAT MUSCLES DO Skeletal muscles work in pairs to produce movement. TYPES OF MUSCLES Three Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle TYPES OF MUSCLES Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles. Smooth muscles Muscles that act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs TYPES OF MUSCLES Most of your muscle tissue is skeletal, and almost all skeletal muscles are under voluntary control. Skeletal muscles Muscles attached to bone that cause body movements TYPES OF MUSCLES Cardiac muscle is involuntary and is responsible for the contraction of your heart. Your heart beats 100,000 times each day. Cardiac muscle A type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart MUSCULAR SYSTEM Injuries and Disorders Atrophy Bruises Sprains and strains Tendinitis Hernia Muscular dystrophy