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AGE OF DISCOVERY Age of Discovery Age of Reconnaissance Age of Expansion AGE OF DISCOVERY New Threat – Ottoman Turks »Conquered Constantinople in 1453 • Eastern barrier between Europe and Muslims now gone - Expansion is one way to strengthen Europe against Muslim threat - Spanish reconquista has pushed Muslims out of Spain EUROPEANS Three things that will contribute to Exploration – Advances in Navigation techniques – Advances in Shipbuilding – Gunpowder EUROPEANS European Commerce in East and Exploration – Maximize profits »Remove Muslim middle-men from trade routes »Reduce time to transport goods from Asia EUROPEANS Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal EUROPEANS Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal – Dinis Dias - 1445 EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal – Dinis Dias - 1445 – Bartolomeu Dias - 1488 EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal – Dinis Dias - 1445 – Bartolomeu Dias - 1488 – Vasco da Gama - 1497 EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal – Dinis Dias - 1445 – Bartolomeu Dias - 1488 – Vasco da Gama – 1497 Portugal will control the sea routs around Africa – Will dominate spice trade – Success will launch era of exploration as other nations attempt to compete EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain – Christopher Columbus - 1492 »Wanted to compete with Portuguese – went west because Portuguese controlled the African coast. »Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies • Never realized that he had found something new EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Amerigo Vespucci Other Spanish Explorers – Vasco Nunez de Balboa – 1513 »Panama – Ferdinand Magellan »Circumnavigated the globe • Sept. 8, 1519-Sept. 6, 1521 • Started with 270 men –> 18 returned EUROPEANS EUROPEANS The Spanish Conquest – Mexico & the Aztecs »Hernando Cortez EUROPEANS The Spanish Conquest – Mexico & the Aztecs »Hernando Cortez »Quetzalcoatl »Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) »Moctezuma II EUROPEANS The Spanish Conquest – Peru & the Inca »Francisco Pizarro »Atahualpa EUROPEANS EUROPEANS Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494 EUROPEANS Spain’s Rivals – John Cabot – English (Italian) – Jacques Cartier – French (French) – Henry Hudson – Dutch (English) THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Biological exchange between Old and New Worlds Diseases – Measles, Tuberculosis, Cholera and Smallpox »Nearly 90 percent of Native Americans died by 1592! – Syphilis – America to Europe »Thousands of Europeans died in Syphilis epidemic THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Agriculture – Sheep and cattle destroy native Agriculture – European diet benefits – Potatoes – Tomatoes – Corn – Beans – Fruits »Causes population boom in Europe Lecture 14
