Download Ecological Principles for Natural Resource Management

Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Objectives
– Basic ecological principles that are important
for understanding natural resources and their
management
• Plant and ecosystem focus
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Definitions
– Natural resources
– Natural resource management
• Renewable vs. nonrenewable
• Sustainable vs. non-sustainable
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Definitions
– Ecology
– Ecological Hierarchy
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecological Hierarchy
Communities
Landscapes
Biosphere
Ecosystems
Organisms (Individuals)
Populations
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecological Hierarchy
Landscapes
(Individuals)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Definitions
– Ecosystem ecology
– Ecosystem
• Biotic components
• Abiotic components
• Ecosystem Attributes
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Spatial scales of Ecosystems
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecosystem (and Soil) Development
Ecosystem
Development
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Climate - Solar Radiation
•Earth’s solar
energy budget
•Over a year,
Inputs ≈ Outputs
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Climate - Solar Radiation
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Climate - Solar Radiation
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Where is productivity highest? Lowest?
What are the latitudinal patterns? Other patterns?
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How do temperature patterns compare with those of NPP?
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How do precipitation patterns compare with those of NPP?
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Is temperature or precipitation a better predictor of NPP?
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Climate - Ecosystem Types
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Climate - Global Biome Types
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Local Climate - Elevation & Aspect
Elevation
N
Aspect
S
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Solar Radiation - Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy <--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Photosynthesis
Temperature
Light
Nutrients
H2O
Nitrogen Content (g m -2)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecosystem Water Budget
Inputs - Outputs = 6Storage
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Water Budget - Transpiration
Sunlight
CO2
H2O
Transpiration
Hydraulic Lift
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Soils - So much more than dirt!
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Carbon Cycling - Energy cycling
Nutrient Uptake
Decomposers
Consumption
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Carbon Cycling - Trophic Chains
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Carbon Cycling - Trophic Pyramid
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Nutrient Cycling & Uptake
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Nutrient Cycling & Uptake
Inputs - Outputs = 6S
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Nutrient Cycling & Uptake
Inputs - Outputs = 6S
Table 7.1. Major Sources of Nutrients that Are Absorbed by Plantsa.
a
Data from (Whittaker et al. 1979, Chapin et al. 1980b)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecological Hierarchy - Populations
Landscapes
(Individuals)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Populations - Size
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Populations - Size
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Populations - Growth Rate
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Populations - Distribution
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Populations - Structure
Single Species
Mixed Species
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecological Hierarchy - Communities
Landscapes
(Individuals)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Interspecific Interactions
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Mutualism (+ , +)
N-fixation
(root nodule)
Mycorrizhae
Lichens
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Commensalism (+ , 0)
Epiphyte
Facilitation
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Parasitism (+ , -)
Korthalsella sp.
(HI Mistletoe)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Predation (+ , -)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Competition (- , -)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Competition (Niche)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Competitive Exclusion
Species A
Species A
Species B
Species B
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Competitive Exclusion
Species A
Species B
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Resource Partitioning
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Ecological Succession
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
Primary Succession
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
Secondary Succession
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Disturbances (Fire)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Disturbances (Wind)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Disturbances (Humans)
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Ecological Succession
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Communities - Ecological Succession
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Ecological Principles for Natural
Resource Management
• Ecology Matters
– Natural resource management = the
application of ecological principles to the
management of natural resources
– To manage biota, you have to understand
ecology
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