Download Feeding and Eating Disorders

FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS;
ELIMINATION DISORDERS;
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS; AND
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
CHAPTER 10
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consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
EATING DISORDERS
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
EATING DISORDERS
• Diagnosis for people who experience extreme
disturbances in their everyday diet along with
possible distress or concern about their body weight
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McGraw-Hill Education.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
• Characterized by an inability to maintain normal
weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and
distorted body perception
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EFFECTS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA
• Bones, muscles, hair, and nails become weak and
brittle
• Develop low blood pressure, slowed breathing and
pulse
• Lethargic, sluggish, and fatigued
• Gastrointestinal system functions abnormally
• Heart and brain damage
• Multiple organ failure
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BULIMIA NERVOSA
• Alternation between the extremes of eating large
amounts of food in a short time
• Compensating for the added calories either by:
• Vomiting
• Other extreme actions to avoid gaining weight
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BULIMIA NERVOSA
• Binge eating
• Ingestion of large amounts of food during a short period of
time
• Lack of control over what or how much is eaten
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BULIMIA NERVOSA
• Purging: Eliminating food through unnatural
methods
• Vomiting
• Administering enemas
• Taking laxatives or diuretics
• Nonpurging type - Trying to compensate by fasting
or excessive exercise
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EFFECTS OF BULIMIA NERVOSA
• Ipecac syrup has toxic effects
• Dental decay
• Laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills also have toxic
effects over time
• Gastrointestinal damage may be permanent
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BINGE-EATING DISORDER
• The ingestion of large amounts of food during a
short period of time, even after reaching a point of
feeling full, and a lack of control over what or how
much is
• Binges occur at least twice a week for 6 months.
• Significant weight gain can occur since there are
no compensatory behaviors.
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THEORIES AND TREATMENT
OF EATING DISORDERS
• Biological - Serotonin and dopamine receptor
genes
• SSRIs
• Psychological
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Exposure therapy
• Holistically viewing their bodies in front of a mirror
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FIGURE 10.1- COMPONENTS OF BODY
IMAGE
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THEORIES AND TREATMENT
OF EATING DISORDERS
• Sociocultural
• Family component for clients
• Maudsley model
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AVOIDANT/RESTRICTIVE FOOD
INTAKE DISORDER
• Individuals show an apparent lack of interest in
eating or food because they are concerned about
the aversive consequences.
• Food may be avoided based on its sensory
characteristics:
• Color, smell, texture, temperature, or taste.
• As a result, significant weight loss occurs and psychosocial
function is disturbed.
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EATING DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH
CHILDHOOD
• A condition in which a person eats inedible
substances, such as dirt or feces.
• Significant medical consequences occur to due to
lead poisoning or injury to the gastrointestinal tract
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RUMINATION DISORDER
• Rumination Disorder is an eating disorder in which the
infant or child regurgitates food after it has been
swallowed and then either spits it out or re-swallows it.
• Five common disturbances include:
• (1) delayed or absent development of feeding and eating skills,
• (2) difficulty managing or tolerating food or drink
• (3) reluctance to eat food based on taste, texture, and other sensory
factors,
• (4) lack of appetite or interest in food
• (5) the use of feeding behaviors to comfort, self-soothe, or selfstimulate.
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ELIMINATION DISORDERS
• Elimination disorders are characterized by ageinappropriate incontinence and are generally
• diagnosed in childhood.
• Enuresis: bed wetting or urination in their clothing after the
age of age when they should be toilet trained
• Encopresis: child who is at least 4 years old repeatedly has
bowel movements either in its clothes or in another
inappropriate place.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
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McGraw-Hill Education.
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
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DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• This grouping of disorders includes diagnoses
assigned to individuals who have difficulties
regulating their emotions and behavior whose
disorder violate the rights of others.
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OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
• A disorder characterized by angry or irritable mood,
argumentative or defiant behavior, and
vindictiveness that results in significant family or
school problems.
• Oppositional defiant disorder typically becomes
evident between ages 8 and 12.
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder often progresses to
conduct disorder.
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INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER
• An impulse-control disorder involving an inability to hold back urges
to express strong angry feelings and associated violent behaviors.
• Angry outbursts, either verbal (temper tantrums, tirades, arguments)
or physical, in which individuals become assaultive or destructive in
ways that are out of proportion to any stress or provocation are
common.
• Treatment
• SSRIs, mood stabilizers
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
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CONDUCT DISORDER
• Individuals with conduct disorder violate the rights
of others and society’s norms or laws.
• Their delinquent behaviors include:
• Aggression to people and animals (such as bullying and
acts of animal cruelty)
• Destruction of property
• Deceitfulness or theft
• Serious violations of rules (such as school truancy or running
away from home).
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IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDERS
• People with impulse-control disorders repeatedly
engage in behaviors, often ones that are harmful,
that they feel they cannot control.
• After acting on their impulses, they experience a
sense of pleasure or gratification, although later
they may regret that they engaged in the behavior.
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PYROMANIA
• Impulse-control disorder involving the persistent and compelling
urge to start fires.
• To be diagnosed with pyromania, the individual must not set fires
for monetary reasons or have other medical or psychiatric
conditions
• Reflect abnormalities in dopamine functioning.
• Treatment
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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KLEPTOMANIA
• Impulse-control disorder that involves the persistent
urge to steal.
• Don’t actually wish to have the object, or the
money that it’s worth. Instead, they seek excitement
from the act of stealing.
• Researchers believe that these features of
kleptomania also bear similarities to substance
dependence.
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KLEPTOMANIA
• Symptoms
• Insomnia, agitation, and irritability
• Medication
• Naltrexone
• Cognitive behavioral treatments
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EATING DISORDERS AND
IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDERS:
THE BIO-PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE
• Psychological approaches gave greater weight to
psychodynamic theories.
• Evidence-based treatment now seems virtually to
mandate that clinicians use cognitive-behavioral
treatment
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