Download SBI3U genetics review

Chapters 5 and 7
Genetics
1. True or False?
The failure of chromosomes to separate
properly during meiosis resulting in the
addition or deletion of one or more
chromosomes from a gamete is called
trisomy.
- False - Nondisjunction
2. Fill in the Blank:
Having an extra chromosome usually
produced when a gamete with an extra
chromosome is fertilized by normal
gamete is called __________.
- Trisomy
3. What is triploidy?
- Triploidy is when an organism has three
sets of chromosomes (3n)
4. True or false?
An organism which has more than
two (2n) sets of chromosomes is
called polyploid.
- True
5. Sex – linked inheritance
involves which chromosomes?
a) 1 and 2
b) X
c) Y
d) 2 and 3
6. True or false?
A pattern of inheritance where trait
is controlled by more than one
gene is continuous variation.
- False – Polygenic inheritance
7. What are modifier genes?
Modifier genes are genes that work with
other genes to control the expression of a
certain trait
8. Name and describe 3 different
genetic disorders.
Alkaptonuria – An individual has black urine
Albinism – The eyes, skin and hair have no
pigment
Tay-Sachs Disease – Brains and spinal cords
deteriorate
Phenylketonuria (PKU) – If not treated can
cause a mental handicap
Sickle Cell Anemia – Leads to blood clots
and reduced blood flow to vital organs
Progeria – Rapid aging
9. Fill in the blank.
The pigment in cells that is
responsible for the colour of an
organism’s hair, skin and eyes is
called ______?
- Melanin
10. True or false?
A condition where the overall red
blood cell count is too low to
-support the body’s oxygen
requirement is called hemoglobin
-False - Anemia
11. How many alleles are involved in
heterogeneous advantage?
a)3
b)1
c) 2
d)99393
12. Describe the process of gel
electrophoresis.
Gel electrophoresis is a procedure in which
molecules travel through a gel subjective to
an electrical current
13. True or false?
An autosomal dominant condition in
which the brain deteriorates over
a number of years is called
Huntington disease.
- True
14. The illustration of
chromosomes in a nucleus of a
somatic cell is called:
a) Fetoscopy
b) Ultrasound
c) Translocation
d) Karyotype
15. Describe the effects of Duchenne
muscular dystrophy and what causes
it?
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes the
muscle cells to become engorged with fat
and connective tissue deposits, and
eventually waste away. It is caused by an
X-linked recessive inheritance.
16. Fill in the Blank
A ________ involves a group of
disorders that occur together.
- Syndrome
17. True or False?
Some factors that can trigger deletion
are irradiation, chemicals, and
viruses.
-True
18. True or False?
Mutation is a change in the physical
structure of a chromosome and a
gene sequence is repeated within a
chromosome.
-False - Duplication
19. What is Fragile X syndrome?
Fragile X Syndrome is caused by duplication
and it is a weak segment in an X chromosome.
20. Inversion occurs when:
a) A chromosome is duplicated, but in the reverse
order
b) A certain gene segment becomes free from its
chromosome, and is reinserted in the reverse
order
c) Part of one chromosome changes part with
another part of the same chromosome
d) Chromosomes or chromatids do not separate
during meiosis
21. What is a disorder and a disease
that are related to translocation?
- Down syndrome is related to translocation
between chromosomes 14 and 21. Also
cancer could occur if part of chromosome
8 exchanges places with chromosome 14.
22. What is amniocentesis used for?
- Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used
to test for abnormalities in a fetus.
23. What is the difference between an
amniotic sac and amniotic fluid?
- The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled
membrane inside the uterus , which holds
the amniotic fluid and the fetus.
24. True or False?
The sampling of cells of chorion to test
for genetic conditions in a fetus is
called chorionic villi sampling.
-True
25. Fill in the Blank
The tissue that surrounds the amniotic sac
housing the fetus is called ________.
- Chorion
26. How does an ultrasound work?
- An ultrasound works by sending sound waves
that are unable to be heard by human ears
through the amniotic fluid . These waves bounce
off the fetus and create a three dimensional
image of the fetus.
27. Multiple Choice
The placenta is a:
a) disease causing agent
b) The structure that forms the chorion
and the uterine wall and allows the
fetus to obtain nutrients
c) A molecule that contains a
hydrocarbon
d) A hormone produced in the
pancreas
28. True or False?
An endoscope is a long tube with a
camera on the end that can be
inserted into a mother’s abdomen
and provide a clear view of the
fetus
- True
29. Fill in the blank:
Babies born with _____ _____
have a vertical groove in their
upper lips and into the roofs of the
mouths
- Cleft Palates
30. What is the major problem with
cholesterol?
- Once cholesterol enters the blood stream
it is transported either to body cells or to
the liver. If cholesterol cannot enter the cell
it will circulate in the body and eventually
collect inside the walls of arteries, which will
clog the artery and cause an heart attack.
31. True or false? The medical
procedure in which normal or
modified genes are transferred
into cells of an individual is called
gene therapy
- True
The End
Please be sure you are able to
complete all the different types of
genetic crosses and family
pedigrees we studied in class.
Additionally, be sure that you have
thoroughly read ch. 4-7, and have
completed all of the worksheets
assigned.
Good Luck!!!!!!