Download Chapter 1 Introduction

Igneous
Petrology
Jean-François
Moyen
Practical informations
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Venues, dates, times
Contact
Textbooks
Outline
Outline
1. Classification of igneous rocks
2. Analytical techniques; major and trace
elements
3. Isotopes
4. Magma genesis: melting processes
5. Magma evolution: cristallization, mixing, etc.
6. Geochemical signature of mgmatic processes
7. Magma transport and emplacement
8. Volcanic processes
Outline
April break: 2 days field trip
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14.
Basalts
Andesites
Granites
Alkaline complexes
Igneous rocks in a plate tectonic context
Revisions etc.
Introduction to
igneous petrology
Stromboli (Italy)
Etna (Italy)
Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion, Indian Ocean)
Ploumanac’h, France
Torres del Paine, S. Chile
Cantal extinct volcano, France
« Ignimbrites », Turkey
Bournac volcanic pipe, France
Montserrat, Lesser antilles (1997)
The upper part of the solid Earth
Crust
•Oceanic
•Continental
Mantle
•Lithosphere
•Astenosphere
The Pressure
Gradient
• P increases = rgh
• Nearly linear through
mantle
~ 30 MPa/km
 1 GPa at base of ave crust
• Core: r incr. more rapidly
since alloy more dense
Figure 1-8. Winter, From Dziewonski and Anderson (1981).
Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 25, 297-356. © Elsevier Science.
Heat Sources in the Earth
1. Heat from the early accretion and
differentiation of the Earth

still slowly reaching surface
2. Heat released by the radioactive
breakdown of unstable nuclides
The Geothermal Gradient
Figure 1-11. Winter, from Green and Falloon
((1998), Green & Ringwood (1963), Jaupart
and Mareschal (1999), McKenzie et al. (2005
and personal communication), Ringwood
(1966), Rudnick and Nyblade (1999), Turcotte
and Schubert (2002).
Active volcanoes
Plate Tectonic - Igneous
Genesis
1. Mid-ocean Ridges
2. Intracontinental
Rifts
3. Island Arcs
4. Active Continental
Margins
5. Back-arc Basins
6. Ocean Island Basalts
7. Miscellaneous IntraContinental Activity

kimberlites, carbonatites,
anorthosites...