Download THE DEBATE OVER RECONSTRUCTION

Warm up
• THE PERIOD AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
(FROM 1865-1877) IS KNOWN AS
“RECONSTRUCTION”. KNOWING WHAT
YOU HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE CIVIL
WAR, WHAT DO YOU THINK THE
GOALS OF RECONSTRUCTION WILL
BE?
THE DEBATE OVER
RECONSTRUCTION
SETTING THE STAGE
• IN THE MONTHS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
ENDED, THE NATION BEGAN TO REBUILD
AND REUNITE. ALMOST IMMEDIATELY,
FIERCE STRUGGLES BEGAN OVER HOW
LONG IT SHOULD TAKE TO RESTORE THE
SOUTHERN STATES TO THE UNION AND
HOW PUNITIVE RECONSTRUCTION SHOULD
BE.
LINCOLNS PLAN
• AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, THE SOUTHS ECONOMY WAS IN
SHAMBLES
• THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS FOCUSED ON
RECONSTRUCTION = REBUILDING
• LINCOLN WANTED TO BRING THE SOUTH BACK INTO THE
UNION WITHOUT PUNISHING IT.
• HIS PLAN CALLED FOR AMNESTY TO ALL SOUTHERNERS
WHO TOOK AN OATH OF LOYALTY TO USA (LEADERS AND
OFFICERS EXCLUDED)
• 10 % TAKEN OATH = NEW STATE GOVERNMENT
RADICAL REPUBLICANS
• A GROUP KNOWN AS RADICAL REPUBLICANS OPPOSED
LINCOLNS PLAN
• WANTED TO PREVENT CONFEDERATE LEADERS FROM
RETURNING TO POWER
• WANTED FEDERAL GOV’T TO BECOME POWERFUL IN SOUTH
TO ENSURE SUFFRAGE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
• MILITARY RULE TO ENSURE AFRICAN AMERICAN VOTING
RIGHTS
WADE - DAVIS BILL
• WADE DAVIS BILL EVENTUALLY GETS SUPPORT FROM
MODERATE REPUBLICANS
• CALLED FOR MOST WHITE MEN IN A FORMER CONFEDERATE
STATE TO TAKE AN OATH OF LOYALTY TO THE UNION
• EACH STATE WOULD HAVE TO ABOLISH SLAVERY AND DENY
FORMER CONFEDERATE LEADERS TO VOTE OR HOLD
OFFICE
• LINCOLN BLOCKED PASSAGE WITH A POCKET VETO
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
• AFTER THE WAR, NEWLY FREED AFRICAN AMERICANS, OR
FREEDMEN, STRUGGLED TO SURVIVE
• NORTHERNERS BELIEVED FREEDMEN SHOULD BE GIVEN
CONFEDERATE LANDS
• CONGRESS DID NOT SUPPORT TAKING THE LAND OF
PLANTATION OWNERS
• CONGRESS FORMED THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU TO HELP
FEED, CLOTH, AND FIND JOBS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
• ALSO PROVIDED AN EDUCATION
• HELPED START COLLEGES TO TRAIN AFRICAN AMERICAN
TEACHERS
JOHNSON TAKES OFFICE
• ANDREW JOHNSON BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER LINCOLN
WAS ASSASSINATED
• HIS PLAN WAS SIMILAR TO LINCOLNS
• HE OFFERED PARDONS TO THOSE THAT TOOK AN OATH
• IMPORTANT CONFEDERATE OFFICIALS AND OFFICERS WERE
NOT ALLOWED TO RECEIVE PARDONS
• TO RETURN TO UNION, EACH STATE HAD TO RATIFY THE 13TH
AMENDMENT AND REJECT ALL CIVIL WAR DEBTS
• HOWEVER, SOUTHERN VOTERS ELECTED FORMER
CONFEDERATE LEADERS TO THE SENATE
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptXRFHulcZQ
BLACK CODES
• BLACK CODES LIMITED AFRICAN AMERICAN RIGHTS = KEEP
THEM IN CONDITIONS OF SLAVERY
• LICENSES FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL JOBS
• LABOR AND APPRENTICSHIP CONTRACTS
RADICAL REPUBLICANS TAKE CONTROL
• REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS SET THEIR OWN
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS = CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
• ALLOWED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO OWN PROPERTY AND
RECEIVE EQUAL TREATMENT IN COURT
• 14TH AMENDMENT = GRANTS CITIZENSHIP TO ALL PEOPLE
BORNIN USA, AND GAURANTEES EQUAL PROTECTION OF
LAW
MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION
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REPUBLICANS PASSED THE MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT
DIVIDED CONFEDERACY INTO 5 DISTRICTS. WITH A UNION GENERAL
IN CHARGE OF EACH.
EACH FORMER CONFEDERATE STATE MUST DRAW UP NEW
CONSTITUTION AND GRANTED ALL MALES THE RIGHT TO VOTE
EACH STATE HAD TO RATIFY THE 14 AMENDMENT BEFORE BEING
ABLE TO ELECT PEOPLE TO CONGRESS
RADICAL REPUBLICANS IMPEACHED JOHNSON FOR FEAR HE
WOULD NOT SUPPORT PLAN
JOHNSON WAS NOT CONVICTED, BUT HE DID NOT RUN FOR OFFICE
AGAIN
REPUBLICANS PASSED THE 15TH AMENDMENT = GUARANTEES
AFRICAN AMERICANS RIGHT TO VOTE
Review
• WHAT WERE THE 3 MAIN GOALS OF
RADICAL REPUBLICANS?
• IN WHAT AREA DID THE FREEDMEN’S
BUREAU HAVE THE MOST IMPACT?
• WHAT WERE BLACK CODES?
• WHAT WERE THE MAIN PROVISIONS
OF THE MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION
ACT?
REPUBLICAN RULE
• UNDER THE REPUBLICAN CONTROLLED
CONGRESS, THE SOUTH BEGAN TO
REBUILD.
• DURING THIS TIME, AFRICAN AMERICANS
GAINED SOME NEW OPPORTUNITEIS,
PARTICULARLY IN POLITICS, WHILE SOME
WHITE SOUTHERNERS ORGANIZED TO
RESIST CHANGE THAT WERE OCCURING.
• SOUTH CAROLINA STATE LEGISLATURE
CONTROLLED BY AFRICAN AMERICANS!
CARPETBAGGERS AND SCALAWAGS
• CARPETBAGGERS = NORTHERNERS SEEKING TO
EXPLOIT THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN VIEW)
• SCALAWAGS = SOUTHERNERS THAT SUPPORT
REPUBLICAN POLICIES (RECONSTRUCTION)
• REALITY = MANY “CARPETBAGGES” WERE HONEST
AND PROVIDED MONEY AND EFFORT TO
REBUILDING SOUTH AND HELPING AFRICAN
AMERICANS. BUT……
• SOME DID EXPLOIT SOUTHERNERS
AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCHES
• CHURCHES BECAME CENTERS FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN
COMMUNITIES.
• HOUSED SCHOOLS, HOSTED SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
EVENTS, PROVIDED RECREATION, AND EVEN ACTED AS
COURTS
A DESIRE TO LEARN
• MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS SOUGHT AN
EDUCATION.
• IN THE FIRST YEAR OF RECONSTRUCTION, THE
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS
FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ACROSS THE SOUTH
KU KLUX KLAN FORMS
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AFRICAN AMERICANS FACED
INTENSE RESENTMENT FROM
MANY SOUTHERN WHITES
KLANS GOAL WAS TO DRIVE OUT
CARPETBAGGERS AND UNION
TROOPS, AND RETAKE CONTROL
OF SOUTH
USED TERRORIST TACTICS.
ACTIVITES OF KLAN OUTRAGED
PRESIDENT GRANT AND LED TO
THE ENFORCEMENT ACTS=
1) FEDERAL CRIME TO INTERFERE
WITH RIGHT TO VOTE
2) FEDERAL ELECTIONS UNDER
SUPERVISION OF FEDERAL
MARSHALLS
3) OUTLAWED ALL ACTIVITIES OF
KLAN
Crash Course
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowsS7p
MApI
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Review
• WHAT SERVICES DID THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU PROVIDE?
• IN WHAT STATE DID AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN CONTROL OF
THE LEGISLATURE FOR A TIME, AND WHY DID THIS OCCUR?
• WHAT WERE THE 3 MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE
ENCFORCEMENT ACTS?
• HOW DID CHURCHES BENEFIT AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING
RECONSTRUCTION?
• SUMMARIZE THE POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF
CARPETBAGGER RULE.
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE B/W A CARPETBAGGER AND
SCALAWAG?