Download The BIG FOUR!

The BIG FOUR!
Organic Compounds
 Protein
 Nucleic Acids
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
All organic compounds :
 Have carbon as their core structure
 Contain hydrogen, oxygen and a few other
atoms
 Are considered Macromolecules
 (Polymers = monomer + monomer +
monomer)
Polymer
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Protein
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
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Monomer
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Glucose
Glycerol + Fatty Acids
Protein
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Building blocks are Amino Acids
There are only 20 Amino Acids
They all have the same basic blueprint:
1. Central carbon
2. Amine Group
3. Carboxyl Acid
4. Single Hydrogen Atom
5. R-group (consists of different arrangements of
atoms)
A Typical Amino Acid
Dehydration Synthesis
 Carboxyl acid of one Amino Acid bonds to
the Amine group of the next Amino Acid.
 A Peptide Bond forms
 Loss of water = Dehydration
Draw the Dehydration Synthesis of 2
Glycine molecules
 The product is called a “Dipeptide Molecule”
…as the chain gets longer….
 More than 2 amino acids = Polypeptide
 More than 200 amino acids = Protein
Functions of Protein
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Structural molecule
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies
Passive and Active channels in the Plasma
Membrane
Shapes of Protein
 1. Primary – linear arrangement of amino
acids
 N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C
Shapes of Protein
 2. Secondary – helix or folded arrangement
Shapes of Protein
 3. Tertiary – 3-D shape caused by the interaction
of amino acids with large r-groups
Shapes of Protein
 4. Quaternary – multiple polypeptides with
3-D shape
Organic Compound Review
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All organic compounds have __________ as their core element.
Large molecules made up of repeating units are called __________.
The building blocks of organic compounds are called __________.
All 20 amino acids have the same structural blueprint; a central
__________, an __________ group, a __________ acid group, a single
___________ and an _____________.
The simplest amino acid is called ___________.
Amino acids link together in a process called ________________.
Amino acids are linked by a special covalent bond called a ____________.
The first amino acid set down in every protein is _____________.
Five important functions of my favorite organic compound are
_____________, _________________, ________________,
________________, and ______________________________.
Protein are found in 4 shapes: ________________, ___________________,
______________________ and _____________________.
Organic Compound Review
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All organic compounds have Carbon as their core element.
Large molecules made up of repeating units are called Polymers.
The building blocks of organic compounds are called Monomers.
All 20 amino acids have the same structural blueprint; a central Carbon,
an Amine group, a Carboxyl acid group, a single Hydrogen and an Rgroup.
The simplest amino acid is called Glycine.
Amino acids link together in a process called Dehydration Synthesis.
Amino acids are linked by a special covalent bond called a Peptide.
The first amino acid set down in every protein is Methionine.
Five important functions of my favorite organic compound are Structural,
Hormones, Enzymes, Antibodies and Carrier Protein.
Protein are found in 4 shapes: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and
Quaternary.
Factors that may alter the shape of
Protein
 Temperature
 Changes in pH
 Protein Structure
 Denaturation – temporary change in shape
 Coagulation – permanent change in shape
Enzymes
 Are Organic Catalysts that control the speed
of chemical reactions in cells
 Only function in one chemical reaction
 Are unaffected by the reaction, so they can
be used over again.
 If the shape of the enzyme changes, the
enzyme can’t do it’s job.
 Reduce the activation energy needed to
start the reaction
Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions
Enzymes
 Enzyme activity
 Shockwave
 Lock and Key Principle
Anabolic Reactions
Catabolic Reactions