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Transcript
The Endocrine System (Chap 8) 1. Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, _________________________ 2. Regulation of growth, metabolism, and ______________________________ 3. Responses to ________________________________ 4. Maintains _____________________________________ Major Structures & Location Hypothalamus (part of the brain) 1. Pineal 2. Pituitary 3. Thyroid & Parathyroid 4. Thymus 5. Adrenals 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes Types of Glands Endocrine Glands = Exocrine Glands = Control of Hormonal Secretions - Negative versus Positive Feedback Negative Feedback When the levels go above or below a _______________________, the endocrine system secretes hormones to lower or raise the level. Examples: Positive Feedback Example: Pituitary Gland Location: Why is it called the master gland? What part of the brain controls it? Anterior Pituitary Hormones Prolactin or PRL – Growth hormone or GH Adrenocorticotropin or ACTH – Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH -. Luteinizing hormone or LH – Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH Posterior Pituitary Hormones Oxytocin – What is Pitocin? Antidiuretic hormone or ADH – What is a diuretic? Thyroid Gland The thyroid hormones control your _________________________, which is the body's ability to break down food and store it as energy Thyroid Hormones Thyroxin (T4) & Tri-iodothyronine (T3) - increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates Calcitonin – regulates the blood concentration of calcium BMR = Disorders of the thyroid Goiter Hypothyroidism (cretinism) Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) Cancer Parathyroid Gland Located behind the thyroid, four tiny glands that help maintain calcium and phosphorous levels Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood Adrenal Glands Located above each kidney. Adrenal Cortex = ______________ area Medulla = ______________ Adrenal glands produce _______________________________ Epinephrine & Norepinephrine – increased heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (fight or flight, response to stress) Aldosterone –helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining ___________________ Cortisol – glucocortoid, keeps blood glucose levels stable; response to ___________ Adrenal Sex Hormones - androgens (male) and estrogens (female) Adrenal Gland Disorders Cushing’s Disease Addison’s Disease Pancreas Large gland behind stomach, maintains healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels. Contains islands of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which secrete glucagon and insulin Glucagon – stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, Raises ______________________________________ Insulin – decreases blood sugar concentrations, affects the ____________________ of glucose by cells Diabetes Mellitus –insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycemia) and excess is excreted in the urine Type I Type II Diabetes Insipidus Gestational Diabetes What is a diabetic neuropathy? Other Endocrine Glands Pineal Gland – secretes melatonin which maintains _____________________________ Thymus Gland – large in young children, gradually shrinks with age, secretes thymosins, important to ______________________ Reproductive Glands – testes and ovaries – testosterone, progesterone, estrogen What is gonadotropin? What are steroids?
