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LIFE CYCLES OF VIRUSES • VIRUSES CAN EXHIBIT TWO TYPES OF LIFE CYCLES. 1. THE LYTIC CYCLE 2. THE LYSOGENIC CYCLE • SOME VIRUSES EXHIBIT ONLY THE LYTIC CYLE. • SOME VIRUSES CAN EXHIBIT BOTH LYTIC AND LYSOGENIC CYCLES. The Lysogenic Cycle • VARIETY OF ANIMAL VIRAL INFECTIONS LYTIC OR LYSOGENIC VIRUSES? TRANSDUCTION HOW ANIMAL VIRUSES ENTER ANIMAL CELLS HOW ARE ANIMAL VIRUSES CULTURED IN THE LABORATORY • CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIA • LIVING MEDIA AND NON-LIVING MEDIA CELL CULTURE HOW ARE CELL CULTURES GROWN? • CYTOPATHIC EFFECT - CPE • SOME VIRUSES, WHEN THEY INFECT A CELL, CHANGE THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CELL IN VERY SPECIFIC WAYS. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS • • • • GENERALIZATIONS AMANTADINE TAMIFLU (RELENZA) A VARIETY OF NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS – ACYCLOVIR, AZT, 3TC, DDI, DDC • PROTEASE INHIBITORS • INTERFERONS AMANTADINE AVARIETY OF NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS PROTEASE INHIBITORS AND INTERFERONS HEPATITIS VIRUSES • • • • • HAV – 50% HBV – 30% HCV – 20% MODE OF TRANSMISSION CHRONICITY - CHRONIC OR ACUTE INFECTION • TREATMENT/VACCINE UNCONVENTIONAL INFECTIVE AGENTS • VIROIDS - 1967 • SMALL CIRCULAR MOLECULES OF SINGLE STRANDED RNA • COMPOSED OF 359 NUCLEOTIDES • BEST STUDIED VIROID CAUSES DISEASE IN POTATOES • 10X SMALLER THAN SMALLEST KNOWN VIRUS PRIONS • INFECTIOUS SELF REPLICATING PROTEINS • COMPOSED OF ABOUT 250 AMINO ACIDS • 100X SMALLER THAN THE SMALLEST KNOWN VIRUS • CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MAD COW DISEASE (BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY) AND TWO HUMAN DISEASES – CREUTZFELDT - JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) – KURU
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