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Chapitres Choisis
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english
open book exam: pass / fail
4 week blocks of different topics
yeast genetics....
cell biology of lipids
Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology of
Yeast
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6.
Introduction
Genetic elements
Classical genetics
Molecular biology of yeast
Cell biology
Genomics
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Roger Schneiter
January 2004
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– eukaryote
– unicellular fungi
– phylum Ascomycetes
What are Yeast ?
– order Saccharomycetales
– wide dispersion of natural habitats, plant leaves, wine grapes
– ferment sugars to ethanol
• Production of wine, beer etc.
• Baking, raise dough through production of CO2
• Sparkling wine
• Used by man aprox. 6000 years B.C.
– difficult to define a wild-type
– vitamin supplement in food production
– divide by budding; Saccharomyces (cerevisiae)
– divide by division: Schizosaccharomyces (pombe)
– human pathogen: Candida albicans
“the awesome power of yeast genetics” ->
“the awesome power of yeast cell biology”
• Fast generation cycle (90 min)
Yeast as a
• Chemically defined growth media model eukaryote
• Non-pathogenic
• Large quantities -> class. biochemistry
• Amenable to classical genetics
• Large mutant collections
• Strong cell biology
• Strong -omics (gen-, proteo-, metabol-,...
Transformation with rec. DNA
Extremely efficient recombination
Molecular biology methods unique to yeast
Complete sequence of genome
DNA Arrays
Complete knock-out collections
Complete protein interaction maps
The power of genetics
Leland Hartwell, Nobel Prize 2001
the cdc-screen
Ask an important question !
Life cycle
pseudohyphae
Signal cascade
• Pheromone
binds
• Kinase cascade
• Ste12p
phosphorylated
• Activated
Ste12p starts
mating program
Cell polarity of diploid vs
haploid cells