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Cellular Respiration Review- Use chapter 8, focusing on section 3, to answer the following questions
1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of
oxygen.
2. The function of cellular respiration is to harvest electrons and use that energy to generate ATP.
3. Cellular respiration occurs in three major parts: glycolysis , krebs cycle and electron transport.
4. Aerobic means it occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic means it occurs in the absence of
oxygen.
5. The first stage, glycolysis is considered anaerobic; while Kreb’s Cycle and electron transport are
considered aerobic processes.
6. The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During this process two molecules of NAD+
and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. The processes of glycolysis also require energy using two ATP
molecules while breaking down glucose. The end product of glycolysis is two molecules of ATP and
pyruvic acid.
7. Kreb’s Cycle can be considered the second phase of cellular respiration. In the presence of oxygen ,
pyruvic acid is moved into the matrix of the mitochondria with the help of CoA. When inside, pyruvate
will eventually be converted into CO2 and NADH_. This process results in the production of 2 molecules
of ATP.
8. Electron Transport can be considered the final step in the break-down of glucose. This is also results in
the greatest production of ATP, producing _34_ molecules of ATP at the end. This process occurs along
the _membrane_ of the mitochondria. In this process H ions are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix
across the inner mitochondrial membrane. H ions then diffuse down the concentration gradient in the
process known as chemiosmosis_. Hydrogen ions move back into the mitochondrial matrix through the
molecule _ATP Synthase_. At the end, _34_ ATP’s are produced, along with _H2O_.
9. Some cells can function for a short time when oxygen levels are low. This anaerobic process is called
fermentation. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell . Two examples of this process are lactic
acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
10. We call the reactions that drive the process of cellular respiration (and photosynthesis) redox reactions.
These reactions occur in pairs and involve an _electron_ donor and an _electron_ acceptor. The loss of an
electron (or Hydrogen) is known as _oxidation_. Gaining an electron (or Hydrogen) is known as
_reduction_.
11. The chemical equation for Cellular Respiration is: C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + energy