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BIRTHPLACE OF THREE RELIGIONS Religious Center • 3 Religions: -Judaism, Christianity, Islam all started in SW Asia (The Middle East) • Jerusalem (located in Israel): -a city where Jews, Christians, Muslims have lived for centuries THE BASICS • 3 Religions believe: • one Godmonotheism • each led by a single person Jerusalem • set of sacred writings JUDAISM HISTORY -Hebrews- 1st monotheist religion -called God “Yahweh” -Yahweh spoke to Abraham- go to Canaan (PRESENT DAY Israel) -his (Abraham) descendants are Jews A STORY OF EXILE • 586 BC -Babylonians from Mesopotamia -Destroyed the First Temple built by Jews in Jerusalem -Jews exiled to Babylonia 1st Temple built by King Solomon REBUILDING THE TEMPLE • 536 BC: -Persians took control of Mesopotamia -Jews allowed back to Jerusalem -rebuilt Temple 2nd Temple in Jerusalem ND 2 THE TEMPLE DESTROYED • Roman Control -Jews revolted in 66AD - (2ND)Temple destroyed – The Wailing Wall remains Jewish Leaders… • encouraged Jews to replace worship in Temple with prayer, study, and good deeds. 1800 YEARS LATER… •-Jews lived outside of Jerusalem hoping it would once again be home of Judaism Birth of Christianity 8 to 4 BC • Jewish boy, Jesus, born in Bethlehem in ancient Palestine (Israel) 4 Gospels • -story of his life started 30 yrs. after Jesus’ death • -Christian scripture in Bible (New Testament) EARLY LIFE • -Jesus grew up Galilee • -baptized by his cousin John the Baptist-age 30 • -Jesus traveled preaching religion of love and forgiveness, and performing miracles • -people (disciples) came to hear his words MESSIAH • Jewish people: -believed a Messiah, or savior would come to lead them out of exile • Messiah: -some people believed Jesus was the Messiah -Jesus became know as Christ, Greek for Messiah Christians -people who believed in Jesus’ ideas and teachings • Government &Religious Leaders: -feared Jesus teaching as threat to their power -Jesus came to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover was betrayed by Judas, a Disciple -Jesus arrested, tried, crucified and died THE WORD • Jesus Disciples: -spread his teachings and their belief that he was the Messiah promised in Jewish scripture • Roots in Judaism: -new religion Christianity developed • Christianity: -based on life and teaching of Jesus -spread to other parts of world from Jerusalem Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam Muhammad • 570 AD: -Muhammad born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) -founder of Islam Mecca during Hajj THE BASICS Islam: -believe in 1 God and Muhammad is his Prophet (person who speaks through Divine inspiration) Muslim: -a believer in Islam 610 AD: -Muslims believe God spoke to Muhammad BELIEFS • Muhammad teachings: -came from angel Gabriel, who revealed the will of God • Gabriel: -sent revelations to Muhammad for 22 years • Qur’an: -collection of revelations, sacred text of Islam • Mohammed: -encouraged people to worship one God, aid the poor (included in the 5 Pillars of Faith) 622 AD -Muhammad left Mecca for Medina (where he later dies) -Gov’t thought he was a threat to traditions and business - start beginning of Muslim calendar Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia