Download Earth Science MSA Review

START
Daily Sprint
Which of the following changes in wave
properties is a result of an increase in
wavelength?
A)
B)
C)
D)
higher crests
reduced height
lower frequency
faster movement
Fossils of tree ferns as old as 400 million years have
been found in rocks. These ancient ferns lived in
swampy, lowland forests and reproduced asexually
by producing spores. The ferns were much taller
than other plants living at the same time. These
extinct tree ferns have modern-day relatives that
grow in the tropics.
Ancient ground plants competed with ancient tree
ferns for resources in swampy areas.
For which resource were the tree ferns best able to
compete?
A) air
B) shelter
C) Sunlight
D) water
A) The sun hides part of
the surface of the
moon.
B) The sun, the moon, and
Earth are in a straight
line in space.
C) Only part of the
illuminated moon is
visible from Earth.
D) Only the light from the
back side of the sun is
reflected by the moon.
Which example best
demonstrates
conduction?
A) a burner warming
a pan
B) a refrigerator
cooling air
C) a stove circulating
hot air
D) a microwave
warming food
A student produces a series of waves, as
shown below.
Which number in the diagram represents
amplitude?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Homework
(Due Tuesday, March 22)
1. Why are transistors superior to
mechanical switches in electronic
components?
2. An IC chip that includes four AND gates
can be utilized as shown below. Describe
the function of the diagram below.
Plate Tectonics
Mr. Merrill
MSA Prep
21 March 2011
What do you think?
• Write two or more sentences describing
how you think earthquakes, volcanoes,
and tsunamis happen.
• Write in complete sentences with correct
grammar
What do you think?
• Draw a picture of what you think the
inside of the earth looks like.
• Provide labels of the different parts.
Earth’s Interior
Earth’s Interior
Like a piece of fruit, the earth has:
•
•
•
a very thin crust on the outside
a core of significant size in the center
most of the mass of the Earth contained
in the mantle.
Earth’s Crust
Earth’s Plates
Earth’s Mantle
Earth’s Mantle
• Rocks in the upper mantle are brittle
enough to break under stress and produce
earthquakes.
• Rocks in the lower mantle are soft and
flow when subjected to forces instead of
breaking.
• Rocks in the lower mantle are soft
because they are near the hot core of the
earth
Earth’s Core
Earth’s Core
• Scientist think the core consists of Iron
and Nickel
• The outer core is liquid because of the
extreme heat
• The inner core is solid because there is so
much pressure from the surrounding rocks
The Lithosphere
• The lithosphere
is the outer solid
part of the earth,
including the
crust and
uppermost
mantle
Divergent Plate Boundaries
• Locations where plates are moving away
from each other
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic
• When a divergent boundary occurs beneath
oceanic lithosphere, the rising convection
current below lifts the lithosphere producing a
mid-ocean ridge. Extensional forces stretch the
lithosphere and produce a deep fissure. When
the fissure opens, pressure is reduced on the
super-heated mantle material below. It responds
by melting and the new magma flows into the
fissure. The magma then solidifies and the
process repeats itself.
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic
• Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
• Effects:
– a submarine mountain range
– volcanic activity in the form of fissure
eruptions
– shallow earthquake activity
– creation of new seafloor and a widening
ocean basin
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Continental
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Continental
• Examples: East Africa Rift and The Red
Sea
• Effects:
– a rift valley sometimes occupied by a long
linear lakes or a shallow arm of the ocean
– shallow earthquake activity along the normal
faults.
– Volcanic activity sometimes occurs within the
rift.
Divergent Plate Boundaries:
Continental
• Video
Convergent Plate Boundaries
• Convergent plate boundaries are locations
where plates are moving towards one
another.
• The plate collisions that occur in these
areas can produce earthquakes, volcanic
activity and crustal deformation.
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic and Continental Plates
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic and Continental Plates
• Examples: Cascade Volcanoes and The
Andes Mountain Range
• Effects:
– a zone of earthquake activity
– sometimes an ocean trench immediately
off shore of the continent
– a line of volcanic eruptions a few hundred
miles inland from the shoreline
– destruction of oceanic lithosphere
• Video
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Oceanic
• Examples: Japan, the Aleutian islands and
the Eastern Caribbean islands of
Martinique, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
• Effects:
– a zone of progressively deeper earthquakes
– an oceanic trench
– a chain of volcanic islands
– the destruction of oceanic lithosphere
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Continental
Convergent Plate Boundaries:
Continental
• Examples: Himalaya Mountain Range and
Appalachian Mountain Range
• Effects:
– intense folding and faulting
– a broad folded mountain range
– shallow earthquake activity
– shortening and thickening of the plates within
the collision zone
Transform Plate Boundaries
Transform Plate Boundaries
• Examples: San Andreas Fault and Alpine
Fault of New Zealand
• Effects:
– Recurring earthquake activity
– Volcanoes not usually present