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Transcript 
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentation for
Concepts of Genetics
Ninth Edition
Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino
Chapter 9
Extranuclear Inheritance
Lectures by David Kass with contributions from
John C. Osterman.
Copyright
© 2009©Pearson
Education,
Inc.
Copyright
2009 Pearson
Education,
Inc.
Examples of Extranuclear Inheritance
• Organelle heredity
• Infectious heredity
• Maternal effect
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 9.2
• Chloroplast DNA
(cpDNA)
• Ranges from 100 to
225 kb in length, and
the genes carried on
the DNA encode
products involved in
photosynthesis and
translation.
• Circular, doublestranded DNA
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chloroplast
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 9.2
• Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
• Circular, double-stranded DNA
• is smaller than the DNA in chloroplasts, and
introns are absent.
• Most of the protein encoding genes are
located on a single strand.
• The contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial
gene products is shown in Figure 9.8.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mitochondrion
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.8
Endosymbiotic Theory
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_05/a_05_cl/a_05_cl_her/a_05_cl_her_1b.jpg
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 9.1
• Inheritance of chloroplast or mitochondrial
traits is often determined by the phenotype
of the ovule source (Figure 9.1).
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Four
O’Clock
Plants
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.1
Section 9.1
• Chlamydomonas is
an excellent model
system for studying
organelle heredity
because it has a
single large
chloroplast that
exhibits a
uniparental
inheritance pattern.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mitochondrion
Heteroplasmy
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/104/mitochondrion.jpg
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 9.3
• For a human disorder to be attributed
to mitochondrial DNA:
• the inheritance must exhibit a maternal
inheritance pattern
• the disorder must reflect a deficiency in the
bioenergetic function of the organelle
• there must be a specific mutation in a
mitochondrial gene
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Section 9.3
• Three disorders arising from mtDNA are:
• myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fiber
disease (MERRF)
• Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
• Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
MERRF
MERRF Cells
Normal Skeletal Muscle. Crosssection. http://img.medscape.com/pi/emed/ckb/neurology/11348151189245-1189246-1189490.jpg
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
9.5 In Maternal Effect, the Maternal
Genotype Has a Strong Influence during
Early Development
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.12
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 9.13
The End
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
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