Download Stages of Learning

Stages of Learning
Learning Continuum
Novice
Skilled
Expert
Learning Continuum
Novice
Cognitively
Goals
Movement Dynamics
Skilled
Expert
Fitts & Posner 3-Stage Model
Cognitive
Stage
Associative
Stage
Autonomous
Stage
Gentile’s 2-Stage Model
Getting the
Idea of the
Movement
closed
Fixation
open
Diversification
Gentile & Goals of Learner
Free throw
 Guarding
 Patient moving from sit to stand
 Floor routine in gymnastics
 Diving

Inferring Progress:
Performance Changes

Rate of improvement
Coordination & Control

Stage 1- Novice
•

Stage 2 - Advanced
•

“Freezes out” portion of available degrees of
freedom
Reinstates or releases df
Stage 3 - Expert
•
•
Continues to release df
Exploits external forces
Performer/Performance Changes

Muscles used & energy cost
Performer/Performance Changes

Visual selective attention & conscious
attention
Performer/Performance Changes

Error Detection & Correction
Performer/Performance Changes

Self-Efficacy & Motivation
Initial Performance & Later
Performance
Early performance not good predictor of
later performance
 Underlying motor abilities change as skill
level changes
