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Parasitology Level:6 Dr. Abeer El-Sherbiny And Dr. Abeer Babeker difference between a cyst and a trophozoite • 1. Cyst • non-dividing • rigid cell coat • resistant to H20 dryness • can survive outside of host in most ambient conditions • transmission stage 2. Trophozoite • dividing (binary fission) • labile cell membrane • disease causing stage • cannot survive outside of host • Classification of Protozoan Parasites: Phylum subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina Acanthamoeba,Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis, Entamoeba histolytica Dientamoeba Mastigophora Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas (homini, tenax ,vaginalis) Leishmania (braziliensis, donovani, tropica) Trypanosoma brucei complex, Trypanosoma cruzi Ciliophora Balantidium coli Apicomplexa Bebesia spp., Cryptosporidum hominis, Cyclospora cayetansis, Isospora belli, Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma Microspora Enterocytozoon diarrhea Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae Entamoeba histolytica • Habitat: Large intestine • Main host: Man • Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors) • Infective Stage: Mature cyst • Disease: Amoebic dysentery, Amoebiasis • Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts • Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts) Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae Entamoeba histolytica Cyst in stool Cyst stained with trichrome Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite in stool Class: Ciliophora 1-Balantidium coli • Habitat: Large intestine • Main host: Man • Intermediate host: No ( There is a reservoir host= Pigs) • Infective Stage: Mature cyst • Disease: Balantidiasis, Balantidial dysentery • Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts • Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage(cysts) Class: Ciliophora Balantidium coli Trophozoite stained haematoxlin Cyst in stool Trophozoite in stool by Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum • In human include 4 generia (Giardia, Trichomonas, leishmania, and trypanosoma • Intestinal Flagellates • Giardia lamblia( Duodenum Jejunm) • Trichomonas hominis )Caecum). • Trichomonas tenax in mouth • Oral & Urogential Flagellates :T. vaginalis in vagina and urethra . • Blood & Tissues Flagellates or Haemoflagellates • Leishmania and Trypanosoma Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) 1-Giardia lambelia • Habitat: Small intestine ( duodenum) • Main host: Man • Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors) • Infective Stage: Mature cyst • Disease: Giardiasis • Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts • Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts) Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum Morphology & Life cycle • Trophozoite (tear shape) have Parabasal bodies 4 pairs of flagella, 2 sucking discs, 2 nucleus • Cyst have wall and 4 nucleus in fecal sample Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) Giardia lambelia Cyst stained with trichrome Cyst in stool Trophozoite in stool Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) 2- Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite form Trichomonas vaginalis • in Vaginal Secretions in female urinary bladder, cervix urethra, and vagina • In male in urethra, prostate gland • Morphology & Life Cycle have not cyst have Trophozoite only characterize by undulating membrane, • 4fllagella and one fllagellum one big round nucleus in the center of cell Infected stage Trophozoite structure of tricomonas vaginitis 3-Trypanosoma Bloodstream Trypomastigote of Trypanosoma brucei ssp(T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense) in thin blood smears stained with Giemsa 4- Leishmania Leishmania sp. promastigotes Leishmania spp. amastigotes Class: Sporozoa (Apicomplexa) 1-Plasmodium Trophozoites of P. vivax (ring stage) in thin blood smear Trophozoites of P. vivax (amoeboid stage) in thin blood smear Ruptured schizont of P. vivax in a thin blood smear, showing free merozoites and haemozoin pigment. 2-Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites (trophozoites) of Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites (cyst) of Toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
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