Download Abnormal Psychology

Psychopathology
Psychopaths & Psychotics
Personality Disorders
Class of disorders marked by personality
traits that cause subjective distress or
impair functioning
• DSM-IV-TR identifies 10 personality disorders
• Emerge early in childhood and continue to adulthood
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Impulsive, manipulative, aggressive, &
irresponsible behavior with a failure to accept
social norms
• “Psychopaths”
• Criminal careers begin early
• Starts as conduct disorder ?
A-SPD: Etiology
• Genes-Environment
• Neurology
Felon-moms have felon
kids…but, only for those
who spent time in
– Under-arousal Hypothesis
orphanages
– Fearless Hypothesis
Histrionic Personality
• Overly dramatic, attention-seeking,
self-centered, seductive, & vain
– More common in women than men
HPD: Etiology
• A female version of APD
– Two-thirds of people with HPD meet criteria for
APD
Schizophrenia
Class of disorders marked by delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech and
maladaptive behavior
– “Psychotic”
– Literally means “split mind”
Schizophrenia
• Positive Symptoms
Symptoms that are in excess of or distortions of
normal behavior
Positive Symptoms
• Delusions
False beliefs
• Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without
environmental input
Schizophrenia
• Positive Symptoms
Symptoms that are in excess of or distortions of
normal behavior
• Negative Symptoms
Deficits in normal behavior
Negative Symptoms
• Apathetic
• Lack of Speech
• Anhedonia
Schizophrenia
• Positive Symptoms
Symptoms that are in excess of or distortions of
normal behavior
• Negative Symptoms
Deficits in normal behavior
• Disorganized Symptoms
Erratic/inappropriate speech, behavior, and/or
emotion
Disorganized Symptoms
• Speech (word salad)
• Inappropriate Affect
• Catatonia (motor dysfunction)
Schizophrenia
• Positive Symptoms
Symptoms that are in excess of or distortions of normal
behavior
• Negative Symptoms
Deficits in normal behavior
• Disorganized Symptoms
Erratic/inappropriate speech, behavior, and/or emotion
Types of Schizophrenia
• Paranoid
Dominated by delusions
• Catatonic
Dominated by motor disturbances
• Disorganized
Dominated by maladaptive behavior and specific
delusions
• Undifferentiated
A mixture of schizophrenic symptoms
Schizophrenia: Etiology
• Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis
– Schizophrenia is due to abnormalities
during early brain development and
precipitating event(s)
– Season-of-birth effect