Download Unit XVII: Reproduction

Unit 5: Chapters 19, 20 &
21 Asexual and Sexual
Reproduction
Creating
more
organisms
A. _____________________
1. ______________________
2. Forms of Asexual Reproduction
a) __________________
- basically another name for
mitosis
- used by many ___________
_________
b) ____________________
- ________________________
- ______ and hydra
c) ________________
- making _______ – like a seed
but ________________ to the
parent
- ___________________
d) __________________
- ability of an organism to ________ lost body parts
- ability decreases as the organisms become more
complex
e) ___________________
- asexual reproduction in _____
1) _____
2) _____
3) _____
4) _____
5) _____
6) _____
f) _______________
- ________________
ADVANTAGES FOR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION?
B. ________________________
1. Advantages for Sexual Reproduction
- __________  allows for adaptation to new
environments
- ____________
- __________________
2. ____________________
- _______  _________
___________________
3. _____________
- __________________________
- ________________________
- formation of a ________
4. Development
- Development is the process by which the zygote
becomes the organism
- _______  ________  ____________________
________________
a) Embryo Development
1) Mitosis - cell division to make more cells
2) Cells grow between divisions
- Cell layers = germ layers – become different parts
of the organism
__________ – ______________________
_____________ – _______________________
_____________ – _______________________
5. Human Reproduction
a) ______ Reproductive System
______ – male gonads; make _________________________
100,000s of sperm produced
_________ – sac that holds testes outside the body wall
Sperm production and storage has to be at a _________
____________________
Epididymis – storage area for sperm
__________ – tube that carries sperm from the
______________________
_______ – tube through the penis in which sperm are
ejaculated
Semen = mixture of sperm ad fluids
b) Female Reproductive System
________ – female gonads, produce _________ and
________
Produces ___________________
________ = ________________________
_____________________ – tube leading from the ovary
to the uterus
the Fallopian tubes are _______________________
________ – thick muscular walled organ where
implantation of the egg takes place
the fertilized egg will grow and develop here
Birth Canal = Vagina – site where sperm are deposited
c) Menstrual Cycle
- hormone controlled process by which the egg develops and
is released
- the brain and ovary secrete 4 different hormones to control
the cycle
1) Follicle Stage
pituitary secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 
causes the egg to develop in the ovary 
also cause the ovary to produce estrogen 
estrogen causes the uterine lining to thicken with tissue
2) Ovulation
high levels of estrogen causes the pituitary to stop
secreting FSH and to begin secreting luteinizing hormone
LH  high levels of LH cause the ovary to release the
egg (usually occurs in the middle of the cycle)
3) Corpus Luteum
the release of the egg from the ovary causes the ovary
to secrete progesterone (pregnancy hormone) 
progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining
4) Menstruation
only if the egg is not fertilized – secretions of LH and
progesterone decrease and the uterine lining is shed
from the body with the unfertilized egg
d) Human Development
1) _________________________
sperm deposited in the vagina and swim up the
uterus to the __________________
One sperm fertilizes the egg
in vitro fertilization
Twins
2) ____________________
as the fertilized egg travels down the Fallopian
tubes it goes through cleavage
upon reaching the uterus the egg fastens itself to
the uterine lining and begins pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy
_________________________
3) ________________________________________
A – _______________
site where mother and fetus
________________________
______ – blood does not cross
between mother and fetus
B – ____________________
rope like tube that carries the
nutrients and wastes to and
from the fetus
C – _____________
D – ___________________
surrounded by the chorion
(membrane) helps protect the
fetus and keep it stable
4) Fetal Nourishment
Substances in the mother’s blood pass to the
fetus
____________________
_________________ and Viruses
5) __________
gestation = length of pregnancy – 40 weeks (9
mon.)
_______ = muscular contractions of the uterus
premature birth
cesarian section
6) Growth  Puberty  Growth  Death