Download Document

Imperialism and America
Notes:
Chapter 10 Section 1 and 2
NEXT
SECTION
1
I.) Origins of American Imperialism
A. Imperialism—policy in which stronger nations extend their economic,
political, or military control over weaker countries
B. Three factors fueled American imperialism:
1. desire for military strength
2. thirst for new markets
3. belief in cultural superiority
Map
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
C. Desire for Military Strength
1. Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up navy to compete
2. U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power
D. Thirst for New Markets
1. Advances in technology allow farms & factories produce more than
Americans can consume
2. America needs raw materials & new markets to export goods
3. Foreign trade seen as solution to America’s problems of
overproduction, unemployment, depression
E. Belief in Cultural Superiority
1. Some combine Social Darwinism with belief in superiority of
Anglo-Saxons
2. Argue America has duty to Christianize & civilize “inferior peoples”
NEXT
SECTION
1
II.) The United States Acquires Alaska
A. Early Expansion
1. William Seward – supporter of expansion and Secretary of
State under Lincoln and Johnson; in 1867 arranges
purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
a. becomes 49th state in 1959
2. purchase is nicknamed “Seward’s Folly” but later proven to
contain rich natural resources (timber, minerals, oil)
Image
NEXT
SECTION
1
III.) The United States Takes Hawaii
A. The Cry for Annexation
1. 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on way to China & India
2. 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools & churches on islands
3. Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth
4. 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor
5. 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar
Outcome: Planters call for U.S. to annex islands (will not have to pay duty)
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
B. The End of a Monarchy
1. Hawaian King Kalakaua amends constitution to limit
vote to landowners
2. Queen Liliuokalani becomes queen in 1891 and tries
to remove landowning requirement (for the people)
3. Marines, business groups overthrow queen and set up
government headed by Sanford B. Dole
4. President Cleveland refuses annexation unless
majority of Hawaians favor it
Outcome: recognizes Republic of Hawaii
5. President McKinley favors annexation and in 1898
Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory
a. becomes 50th state in 1959
Image
NEXT