Download zygomatic bone

End of Chapter 6
Types of Bones
and Bone Markings
And Chapter 7
Fig. 6.3
Types of bones
• Flat bones
• have flat, thin surfaces, mostly same
thickness across bone
• sandwich of spongy bone between compact
bone layers
• large surfaces for muscle attachment
Flat bone
(frontal bone)
Fig. 6.3
Types of bones
• Short bones
• nearly equal length and width
• sort of similar to cuboidal cells
• exterior of compact bone
• interior of spongy bone
• Include sesamoid bones
• tiny, seed-shaped bones along some tendons
Short bone
(tarsal bone)
Fig. 6.3
Types of bones
• Irregular bones
• irregular shapes
• don’t fit in other categories
• compact bone with spongy bone inside
Irregular bone
(vertebra)
Fig. 6.3
Types of bones
• Long bones
• Longer than wide
• cylindrical shaft
• increase length (grow) at ends
Long bone (femur)
Fig. 6.4
Proximal epiphysis
Metaphysis
Parts of long bones
• Epiphysis
Diaphysis
(shaft)
• knobby region
• strengthens bone
• provides surface for bone-to-bone articulation
• joint surface covered by layer of hyaline cartilage
called articular cartilage
• provides surface for tendon and ligament
attachment
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis
(a) Anterior view
Fig. 6.4
Proximal epiphysis
Metaphysis
Parts of long bones
• Metaphysis
Diaphysis
(shaft)
• Contains region of growth (in growing bone)
called epiphyseal (growth) plate
• In adults, growing region epiphyseal plate
becomes layer of compact bone called
epiphyseal line
• Diaphysis
• Shaft of bone
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis
(a) Anterior view
Fig. 6.4
Parts of long
bones
Articular cartilage
Spongy bone (contains
red bone marrow)
Epiphyseal
line
• Ends of bone contain
red bone marrow in
spongy bone
• Cavity in shaft called
medullary cavity
Compact bone
Medullary cavity
(contains yellow bone
marrow in adult)
• red marrow in
children
• yellow marrow in
adults
Epiphyseal line
Sectional view
Articular
cartilage
Nutrient
artery and
vein
through
nutrient
foramen
Parts of long bones
• Internal surfaces of bone (such as
medullary cavity) lined with
endosteum
• incomplete layer of cells
• contains bone stem cells
• contains cells for dissolving and rebuilding
bone
• active during bone growth, repair, and
remodeling
Bone markings:
Holes and hole-like things
• foramen = hole
• fissure = elongate hole or crack
Bone markings:
Holes and hole-like things
• meatus = tube-like opening
• canal = tube-like opening
• sinus = cavity or hollow
space in bone
Bone markings
Flat things and grooves
• fossa = depression
• often indentation that receives
articulating bone
• means “ditch”
• 3 fossae inside inferior cranium
• anterior cranial fossa
• middle cranial fossa
• posterior cranial fossa
Bone markings
Flat things and grooves
• sulcus = elongated depression or
groove
• means “trench”
• intertubercular sulcus
Bone markings
Rounded bumps
• condyle = knuckle-like
rounded bump that fits into a
joint
• means knuckle
epicondyles
• epicondyle = bump near a
condyle
• for muscle attachment
condyles
Bone markings
trochanters
tubercle
Rounded bumps
• trochanter = very large bump
for muscle attachment
• means runner
• tuberosity = oblong, raised
bump
• for muscle attachment
• tuber means bump or lump
• tubercle = small tuberosity
tuberosity
Bone markings
head
Other bumps
• head = distinct endpiece of long bone
• neck = narrow portion of longbone usually
below head
neck
Bone markings
Projections
• process = any bone projection or
significantly raised area
• spine = sharp, pointed process
• AKA spinous process
• for muscle attachment
Bone markings
• ramus = branching horn (like a ram’s horn)
ramus of
mandible
notch of
mandible
Bone markings
• angle = inside or outside corner
around boundary of bone
• border = edge of bone
• notch = v-like cut out of margin or flat
area
• body = main part of bone
angle of
mandible
border of
mandible
Bone markings
Flat things and grooves
• crest = moderately raised ridge
• usually site for muscle attachment
Bone markings
Flat things and grooves
• facet = flat surface that forms a
joint with another facet or flat
bone
• means “little face”
facet
Chapter 7
Axial Skeleton-Skull
Saggital suture
(between parietal
bones)
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Coronal suture
Temporal bone
Ethmoid bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Lambdoid Squamous
suture
suture
Fig. 7.10
Coronal suture
Glabella
Superciliary arch
Orbital part
Supraorbital margin
Zygomatic process
Supraorbital
foramen (notch)
Frontal bone, anterior view
Fig. 7.11
Sagittal suture
Parietal foramen
Superior temporal line
Coronal
suture
Lambdoid suture
Inferior temporal line
Squamous suture
Parietal bone, lateral view
Fig. 7.12
Squamous suture
Squamous
part
External
acoustic
meatus
Zygomatic process
Articular tubercle
Mastoid process
Mandibular fossa
Styloid process
Right temporal bone, external (lateral) view
Fig. 7.12
Squamous suture
Zygomatic
process
Internal acoustic
meatus
Styloid process
Mastoid process
(b) Right temporal bone, internal (medial) view
Fig. 7.13
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyle
Condylar canal
External occipital crest
Inferior nuchal line
Superior nuchal line
External occipital
protuberance
(a) Occipital bone, external (inferior) view
Fig. 7.13
Basilar part
Jugular notch
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum
Lambdoid suture
(b) Occipital bone, internal (superior) view
Fig. 7.17
Frontal lobe
of cerebrum
Temporal lobe
of cerebrum
Cerebellum
Posterior cranial fossa
(a) Lateral view
Anterior
cranial
fossa
Middle
cranial
fossa
Fig. 7.17
Cribriform plate
Anterior
cranial fossa
Middle
cranial fossa
Carotid canal
Lesser wing of
sphenoid
Sella turcica
Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen
Foramen magnum
Posterior
cranial fossa
(b) Superior view
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer
Palatine bone
Anterior view
Lateral view
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer
Palatine bone
Ethmoid bone
Vomer
Palatine bone
Lesser wing
Greater wing
Optic canal
Foramen rotundum
Sella turcica
Foramen ovale
Lesser wing
Greater wing
Superior orbital fissure
Cribriform
plate
Crista galli
Crista galli
Ethmoidal
sinuses
Cribriform
plate
Orbital plate
(a) Ethmoid bone, superior view
Superior
nasal concha
Orbital plate
Perpendicular plate
(b) Ethmoid bone, anterior view
Fig. 7.18
Frontal process
Orbital surface
(partially obscured)
Maxillary process
Temporal process
Right zygomatic bone, lateral view
Zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process
of temporal bone
Temporal process
of zygomatic bone
Ala
Ala
Vomer,
anterior view
Vomer,
lateral view
Posterior
Vertical plate
Anterior
Right palatine bone,
anterior view
Right palatine bone,
medial view
Orbital
process
Perpendicular
plate
Horizontal
plate
Right maxilla,
lateral view
Orbital
surface
Frontal process
Infraorbital foramen
Anterior nasal spine
Zygomatic
process
Alveolar process
Right maxilla,
medial view
Orbital
surface
Frontal process
Maxillary sinus
Anterior nasal spine
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Mandible, lateral view
mandibular fossa
of temporal bone
Coronoid process
Mandibular foramen
Mandibular
notch
Condylar
process
Alveolar process
Mental foramen
Body
Angle of mandible
Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone, anterior view
Body
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
(between sphenoid
and zygomatic bones)
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Coronal suture
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Squamous suture
Lambdoid
suture
Sutural bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
External acoustic meatus
Styloid process
Zygomatic
arch
Zygomatic process
of temporal bone
Temporal process
of zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone
(greater wing)
Nasal bone
Lacrimal bone
Ethmoid bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Mental foramen
Hard
palate
Maxilla
Palatine bone
Temporal process
of zygomatic bone
Zygomatic process
of temporal bone
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa
Occipital condyle
Vomer
Sphenoid bone
Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen
Carotid canal
Zygomatic
arch
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Lambdoid suture
External occipital protuberance