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Culture
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Module 12: Cultural Variation
Sociology in Modules
Richard T. Schaefer
3rd edition
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Cultural Variation
• Cultures adapt to meet specific
circumstances
– Climate, level of technology, population,
geography
• Groups within a single nation develop
cultural patterns that differ from those of
the dominant society
Slide 2
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Subcultures
• Subculture: segment of society that
shares distinctive pattern of mores,
folkways, and values that differs from
larger society
• A subculture may develop an argot, a
specialized language that distinguishes a
subculture from the wider society
Slide 3
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Countercultures
• Counterculture: subculture that
conspicuously and deliberately opposes
certain aspects of the larger culture
• Typically thrive among the young
• Counterterrorism experts concerned about
growth of ultraconservative militia groups
Slide 4
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Culture Shock
• Occurs when someone feels disoriented,
uncertain, out of place, or fearful
when immersed in an unfamiliar culture
• People tend to take for granted cultural
practices of their society
Slide 5
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Social Policy and Culture:
Bilingualism
• Looking at the Issue
– Bilingualism: use of two or more
languages in a particular setting
– Bilingual education may instruct children
in their native language while gradually
introducing the language of the host society
– Bilingual programs vary widely in application
and quality, so it is difficult to measure their
success
Slide 6
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Figure 12-1: Percentage of People Who Speak a
Language Other than English at Home, by State
Slide 7
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No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Social Policy and Culture:
Bilingualism
• Applying Sociology
– For long time, people in U. S. demanded
conformity to a single language
– Recent decades have seen challenges to
pattern of forced obedience to the dominant
ideology
– Attackers of bilingual programs often ignore
fact that bilingual education programs may
have beneficial results
Slide 8
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No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Social Policy and Culture:
Bilingualism
• Initiating Policy
– Bilingualism has policy implications in
efforts to maintain language purity and
programs to enhance bilingual education
– Nations vary dramatically in tolerance
– Public concern over potential decline
in use of English appears to be overblown
Slide 9
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.