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Name _______________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________________
Chapter 5 - Lesson 3 "The Pyramid Builders"
MAIN IDEAS
• Egypt united under a central government that ruled for centuries.
• Pharaoh Khufu built a huge monument to proclaim (show / state) his glory (power).
• Egypt entered a period of change as centralized rule weakened.
The Old Kingdom
1. According to legend, who united Upper and Lower Egypt? _____________________
2. The rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt wore crowns when they ruled each land separately.
When the two lands were combined, so were the crowns. Draw the crowns below.
Crown of Upper Egypt
Crown of Lower Egypt
Double Crown of Upper
and Lower Egypt
3. More than 30 dynasties ruled ancient Egypt. How was a ruler chosen?
4. The word "king" was replaced by the word ______________________ which meant __________________ .
Originally the word pharaoh was used to describe the king's __________________________. Later it
became the tile of the king himself.
5. Originally, the capital city of Egypt was _____________________________ .
6. Ancient Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a child of the gods and a god himself. Egyptians
believed that if the pharaoh and his subjects _________________________________ the gods, their
lives would be __________________________ .
7. Ancient Egyptians believed that if they suffered hard times, the people blamed __________________
for __________________________________ the gods.
8. Because the pharaoh was though to be a god, government and ___________________ were not
separate in ancient Egypt. ___________________ had a great deal of power in the government.
Many high officials were priests.
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Name _______________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________________
Khufu's Great Pyramid
9. The first rulers of Egypt were often buried in an underground tomb topped by ____________.
10. Soon, kings wanted more permanent monuments. They replaced the mud brick with a small
_______________________ made out of ______________ or ________________. A pyramid has ______ sides.
11. King ___________________ was the first to build a large, ________________ pyramid. It is called this as
its sides rise in a series of giant steps. It is the oldest known structure in the world.
12. Eighty years later, a pharaoh named ______________________ wanted a monument that would
show the world how great he was. So he ordered the construction of the largest pyramid
ever built. This structure was eventually called ______________________________________________.
Each side of was about 760 feet long and the core was built from _________________________
blocks of ___________. It took approximately _________ years to build the Great Pyramid.
13. Tools used to cut the huge blocks of stone included ___________ and ___________. These tols
were much softer than the iron tools developed later.
14. Teams of workers pulled the stone slabs up long, sloping _______________.
15. _____________________ helped with the labor / construction of the pyramid during the time when
the Nile _________________________ their fields. A city called ____________ was built for the
pyramid workers and the people who fed, clothed, and housed them.
16. Khufu was a warrior king who helped bring great things to Egypt. He had the Great
Pyramid constructed. The only object archeologists have found left from his funeral is
a ___________ that was ________ feet long. The ship was meant to transport Khufu's _________
through the ________ along the path of the sun god.
17. Why did Egyptians eventually stop building pyramids?
18. What did the Egyptians believe about a buried person if the tomb was robbed?
19. Where were burial chambers hidden? Why was this?
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Name _______________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________________
20. Describe the inside of an Egyptian tomb.
construction of the inside:
objects placed inside:
artwork inside:
secret tombs (?):
Middle Kingdom
21. The Middle Kingdom : By 2130 BC Egyptian kings began to lose their power to local rulers of
the _________________________________. For about 500 more years, the kings held Egypt
together, but with a much weaker _____________________________________.
22. During the Middle Kingdom ____________________________ people from the ______________________
called the ______________________ invaded Egypt.
23. The Hyksos army conquered by using better _______________________ and _________________________
which were new to the Egyptians.
24. It took the Egyptians about _____________ years to drive the Hyksos out of Egypt.
25. Once the Hyksos were gone, the time period known as the __________________________ began.
Why it matters now. . .
• Ancient Egypt still fascinates people.
• Books and movies portray the mystery of mummies and tombs.
• People wear jewelry and use household objects modeled on Egyptian artifacts.
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Name _______________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________________
Word
(Term, person or
place)
dynasty
p.165
inherit
p. 165
succession
p. 165
pharaoh
p. 166
pyramid
p. 166
step pyramid
p. 167
Definition
(in your own words)
Icon/Picture
Application: Which
learning target goes with this
word? What's the connection?
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Khufu
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The Great
Pyramid
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Name _______________________________________________ Period _________ Date ___________________
Geography Practice
- Types of Pyramids
People have built pyramids in Mexico, South America, Greece, India, and Thailand. The pyramids
in Egypt, though, are the best known. Ancient Egyptians built huge pyramids to bury the
pharaohs and their treasures. Some early pharaohs were buried in small pyramids made of brick
or stone. About 2630 B.C., the pharaoh Djoser built a much larger pyramid at Saqqara. This
pyramid was made all of stone. It had six levels, or steps, and was called a step pyramid. About
80 years later, the pharaoh Khufu ordered the construction of the largest pyramid ever built.
This pyramid had smooth sides and is known as a true pyramid. The locations of step pyramids
and true pyramids in Egypt are shown in
the map below.
1. Which sea borders the Eastern Desert?
2. Which city is the farthest east?
3. All of the pyramids are close to which
geographic feature? Why do you think
they thought this would be a good
location?
4. Describe the region in which step
pyramids were most common.
5. Based on the information shown on this map, describe where Egyptian cities were most
common. Do you think this was a good plan? Explain your thoughts.
6. How do you think the stones used to build the pyramids were transported? Why? Explain.
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