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Plant Diversity II: Evolution of Seed Plants AP Biology Crosby High School Evolution of Seed Plants Gametophyte becomes dependent on Sporophyte Seed: packaged sporophyte embryo w/ food supply in protective coat Seed plants are heterosporous Ovule – Female gametophyte develops inside and produce egg – When fertilized by sperm zygote becomes sporophyte and creates seed Gymnosperms Ginkgophyta Phylum Cycadophyta: resemble palms Phyum Gnetophyta: – Welwitschia: giant strap like leaves – Gnetum: tropical trees and vines – Ephedra: (Mormon tea) shrub in American desert Phylum Coniferophyta Angiosperms All are phylum Anthophyta Monocot, dicot, or eudicot Tracheid, vessel elements, fiber cells Flower: angiosperm reproductive structure – 4 circles of modified leaves Sepals Petals Stamens Carpel Fruit Mature ovary Types: – Simple fruit – Aggregate fruit – Multiple fruit Dispersal: – Burrs – Edible fruit Angiosperm Life Cycle Some self-pollinate, others ensure crosspollination One sperm fuses w/ egg, the other with 2 central nuclei After Double Fertilization – Zygote develops into sporophyte – Triploid nucleus creates endosperm Life Cycle Xylem Cells Parts of a Flower Conifer Life Cycle Gametophyte to Sporophyte
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