Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes
Document related concepts
Transcript
Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes Chapter Six Section Three General Facts Forests give way to savanna, grassland, and chaparral With less rain, change is to desert and tundra Species diversity decreases also Species populations may be very large Savannas Tropical and subtropical areas near the equator, between tropical rain forests and deserts Little precipitation throughout the year Wet and dry seasons Tropical Grasslands Savanna Plants and Animals Plants – Highly adapted to survive drought, fire, flood and predation – Vertical leaves – Broad root system – Thorns or sharp leaves Animals – Specialized niches for feeding – Migrate to follow rain – Many herbivores and carnivores Temperate Grasslands Dominated by grasses, very few trees Hot summers, cold winters 50 to 88 cm of precipitation per year Most fertile soil of any biome Most have been replaced by farms and grazing areas Mountains effect grasslands Temperate Grasslands Temperate Grassland Plants and Animals Plants – Perennials, survive year to year – Mostly grasses and wildflowers – Dense root layers – Rainfall amount determines grass height Animals – Grazing animals: antelope, bison – Burrowing animals: badgers, owls, prairie dogs Threats: – Farming and overgrazing lead to erosion Chaparral Type of temperate woodland biome Dominated by broadleaf evergreen shrubs 30 degrees north and south of equator Warm, dry summers Mild, wet winters Primarily in coastal regions Chaparral Chaparral Plant and Animals Plants – Low-lying evergreen shrubs – Grow in dense patches – Hold water in small leathery leaves – Leaves high in oil Animals – Highly adapted with camouflage, shape and color – Deer, quail, lizards, snakes Threats – Human development, location makes prime for commercial/residential use Deserts Less than 25 cm of precipitation per year Little or on vegetation Extreme temperatures vary by location, both hot and cold climates Near large mountain ranges that block rainfall Deserts Desert Plants and Animals Plants – Adapted to obtain and conserve water – Waxy coating, sharp spines, long horizontal roots – Seeds stay dormant until rainfall Animals – Most are nocturnal – Thick,scaly skin to prevent water loss – Estivation Tundra Primarily north of Arctic Circle Short summers, only top of soil thaws Permafrost under topsoil never thaws Dotted with swamps and bogs Many insects and bird in summer Tundra Tundra Plants and Animals Plants – Mostly moss, grass, herbs, lichens – Broad, shallow roots – Grow close to the ground to stay out of wind Animals – Millions migrate, birds and mammals – Very diverse – Highly adapted Threats to Tundra Most fragile biome on earth Simple food chains, easily disrupted Land easily damaged, slow to recover Oil discovery, extraction, and transport has disrupted many habitats Pollution may poison food and water sources on many organisms Climatographs
