Download First, The Atmosphere (Air)

MOISTURE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
Mrs. Kummer
Spring, 2016
First, The Atmosphere (Air)
Troposphere: Surface to 12miles up:
First,1.The
Atmosphere (Air)
Contains most of our weather.
2. Stratosphere: Top of troposphere to about 31
miles above surface. Contains ozone layer
and Jet stream .
3. Mesosphere: Top of Stratosphere to about 56
miles above surface. Gases thin out, but they
are still thick enough to slow meteors.
4. Thermosphere: Top of Mesosphere to 375
miles above surface. Absorbs X-ray and UV
rays from Sun. Also contains the
ionosphere, a layer of charged particles that
bounce radio signals back to Earth, allowing
radio communication. Auroras also occur in
the ionosphere.
5. Exosphere: outer layer of Earth’s
atmosphere, extends to 6200 miles above
Earth. Satellites orbit within this layer, and
air molecules escape into space.
EVAPORATION/ CONDENSATION





EVAPORATION:THE PROCESS OF CHANGING OF WATER INTO WATER
VAPOR
DOES THE HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE
CONDENSATION:THE PROCESS OF CHANGING OF WATER VAPOR
INTO WATER
DOES THE COOLING OF THE ATMOSPERE
LATENT HEAT: THE HIDDEN HEAT THAT IS RELEASED WHEN WATER
CONDENSES AND RETURNS TO THE LIQUID STATE AND HEAT THAT IS
ABSORBED DURING MELTING/EVAPORATION PROCESSES
HUMIDITY


ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY:ACTUAL AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR
PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: RATIO BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF WATER
VAPOR PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE AMOUNT OF
WATER VAPOR IT CAN HOLD AT A PARTICULAR TEMPERATURE
FORMS OF CONDENSATION




DEW
FROST
FOG AND MIST
CLOUDS
DEW


DEW POINT: TEMP WHERE AIR CANNOT HOLD ANY MORE
WATER; IT IS SATURATED AIR
MOSTURE DEPOSITED IN THE FORM OF WATER, FORMING
ON:




STONES
GRASS BLADES
PLANT LEAVES
IDEAL CONDITIONS- CLEAR SKY,CALM AIR,HIGH
RELATIVE HUMIDITY,COLD AND LONG NIGHTS.
FROST




MOISTURE DEPOSITED IN THE FORM OF ICE CRYSTALS.
WHEN CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE BELOW FREEZING
POINT.
IDEAL CONDITIONS- CLEAR SKY,CALM AIR,HIGH
RELATIVE HUMIDITY,COLD AND LONG NIGHTS.
AIR TEMPERATURE BELOW THE FREEZING POINT.
FOG AND MIST



FOG IS A CLOUD WITH ITS BASE ON OR NEAR THE
GROUND.
MIST FORMS WHEN THE RISING WARM AIR UP THE
SLOPES MEETS A COLD SURFACE.
A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIST AND FOG IS THAT MIST
CONTAINS MORE MOISTURE THAN THE FOG.
CLOUDS



A CLOUD IS A MASS OF MINUTE WATER DROPLETS
FORMED BY CONDENSATION OF WATER VAPOR IN FREE AIR AT
CONSIDERABLE ELEVATION.
CLOUDS




Clouds form by adiabatic temperature changes:
Changes in temp solely by the expansion/compression of air
Rising air cools at the rate of 1°C for each 100m
The dew point drops 0.2°C for each 100m
Temp and Dew Point are the same at 1000m
Above that altitude, condensation begins and clouds form
1000m
500m
Ground
Air Temp = 10 °C
Dewpoint = 10 °C
Air Temp = 15 °C
Dewpoint = 11 °C
Air Temp = 20 °C
Dewpoint = 12 °C
Rising, Expanding, and
Compressing/Cooling Air

PRECIPITATION

THE FALLING OF WATER THROUGH THE
ATMOSPHERE TO THE EARTH SURFACE
FORMS OF PRECIPITATION




RAIN FALL
SNOW FALL
SLEET
HAIL STONE
RAINFALL


THE PRECIPITATION IN THE FORM OF
WATER
CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE ABOVE
FREEZING POINT
SNOW FALL




THE PRECIPITATION IN THE FORM OF FINE FLAKES OF
SNOW
CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE BELOW FREEZING
FREEZING POINT
MOISTURE IS RELEASED IN THE FORM OF HEXAGONAL
CRYSTALS
THESE CRYSTALS FORM FLAKES OF SNOW
SLEET




FROZEN RAINDROPS AND REFROZEN MELTED SNOW WATER
WARM LAYER OF AIR LIES ABOVE COLD LAYER
RAIN DROPS WHICH LEAVE THE WARM LAYER ENCOUNTER THE COLD
AIR BELOW.
AS A RESULT THEY SOLIDIFY AND REACH THE GROUND AS SMALL
PELLETS OF ICE NOT BIGGER THAN THE RAIN DROPS FROM WHICH
THEY ARE FORMED
HAILSTONE



DROPS OF RAIN AFTER BEING RELEASED BY THE CLOUDS BECOME
SOLIDIFIED INTO SMALL ROUNDED SOLID PIECES OF ICE
FALLING RAINDROPS CARRIED AWAY BY STRONG CONVECTIONAL
CURRENTS
THEY GET COOLED AND SOLIDIFIED AND FALL AS HAILSTONES
TYPES OF RAIN



CONVECTIONAL RAIN
OROGRAPHIC RAIN
CYCLONIC RAIN
CONVECTIONAL RAIN



RAIN IS CAUSED BY CONVECTIONAL AIR CURRENTS
COMMON IN EQUATORIAL REGIONS
HEAVY RAIN ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTNING AND
THUNDER
OROGARPHIC RAIN



CAUSED BY RELEIF OR A MOUNTAIN
WINDWARD SIDE RECEIVES MORE RAINFALL
LEEWARDSIDE RECEIVES NO OR LESS RAINFALL
CYCLONIC RAIN



CAUSED BY CYCLONE
HEAVY RAIN ALONG THE COASTAL REGIONS
CAUSES DEMAGES TO LIFE AND PROPERTIES