Download Reproductive Functions - health sciences at chs

4.06 Understand the functions
and disorders of the
reproductive system
Understand the functions and
disorders of the
female reproductive system
Essential questions




What are the functions of the female
reproductive system?
What are some common disorders of the female
reproductive system?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the female reproductive system?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to
the female reproductive system?
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Ovary


Produces ova (egg) for
fertilization
Produces estrogen and
progesterone
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Fallopian tubes


Transports the ova from
the ovary to the uterus
monthly; transports
fertilized egg to uterus for
implantation
Since there is no direct
connection between the
ovaries and fallopian
tubes, the egg is
transported to the uterus
in a fluid produced by the
fimbriae
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Uterus

Nurtures the fertilized
egg until the baby is
mature enough for birth
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Cervix


Allows for the flow of
menstrual blood from the
uterus into the vagina
Directs sperm into the
uterus during intercourse
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Vagina


Serves as a conduit for
menstrual flow from the
uterus
Serves as the birth canal
during childbirth
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

External genitalia

Provide protection for the
internal female
reproductive organs
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Mammary glands
(breasts)

Produce milk for
breastfeeding
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Menstrual Cycle


Usually 28 days
Four stages




Follicle stage
Ovulation stage
Corpus luteum stage
Menstruation stage
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Follicle stage




Usually lasts about 10
days
Follicle-stimulating
(FSH) hormone is
released by the
pituitary
FSH stimulates the
follicle and ovum to
mature
Resulting in the
release of estrogen
and preparation of the
uterine lining
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Ovulation stage


The pituitary stops
producing FSH and
starts producing
luteinizing hormone
(LH)
At day 14 in the
menstrual cycle, the
follicle ruptures and the
ovum is released
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Corpus luteum
stage


Secretes progesterone
and continues to do so
if the egg is fertilized,
preventing further
ovulation and
maintaining the uterine
lining
Lasts about 14 days
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Menstruation stage



Final stage if
fertilization of the ova
has not taken place
The corpus luteum
diminishes
progesterone
production
The uterine lining is
broken down and
discharged over the
course of 3 to 6 days
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Relevance of nutrients to
the female reproductive system

The female
reproductive system
plays a vital role in
homeostasis

Help regulate hormonal
balance and fetal
development during
pregnancy
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Understand the functions
and disorders of the
male reproductive system
Essential questions



What is the function of the male reproductive system?
What are some common disorders of the male
reproductive system?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the
male and female reproductive systems
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system
Hormone production
What is the male sex
hormone?
-testosterone; plays a key
role in the development
of male reproductive
structures and
promoting secondary
sex characteristics
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Function of the male reproductive system
Reproduction: the
production of offspring
by sexual or asexual
processes
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Testes

Seminiferous tubules:
produce, maintain, and
store the sperm

Epididymis: transports
sperm from the testes
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system
Sperm

What is the function of the sperm?



Pass on the necessary biological
information required to produce a new
organism
The average male will produce about 525
billion sperm cells in a lifetime
Pathway of sperm

Testes – Epididymis – Vas Deferens –
Ejaculatory Duct – Urethra
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Discuss the functions of
these structures:

Vas Deferens-45 cm
structure that
connects the
epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct;
transports mature
sperm to the urethra

Ejaculatory ductformed by the union
of the vas deferens
with the duct of the
seminal vesicle
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Seminal vesicles
-Holds the liquid that
mixes with sperm to
form semen
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Urethra
How does the urethra
serve the reproductive
system?
-ejaculates semen
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Prostate gland
What is the function of
the secretion produced
by the prostate gland?
-nourishes and
protects the sperm
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
Bulbourethral glands
Also called Cowper’s gland
What is the function of the
secretion produced by the
bulbourethral glands?
-adds fluids to semen
during ejaculation
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Functions of the male reproductive system:
What is the
reproductive function of
the penis?
-becomes erect during
intercourse in order to
deliver semen more
effectively into the
vagina
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of the reproductive system
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Reproductive process: conception
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of the reproductive system
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Reproductive process
Conception
-when the sperm and
the egg unite
-pregnancy occurs
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system
Pregnancy

What is the human
gestational period?


40 weeks
Terms to remember:

Embryo


Fetus


1-8 weeks
9-40 weeks
Newborn

At birth
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of the reproductive system
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Reproductive process: fetal development

6-8 weeks

17-19 weeks

12-14 weeks

5-6 months
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system
Labor
 Dilation stage



The uterine smooth
muscle begins to
contract
Contractions move the
fetus down the uterus
and cause the cervix to
dilate
The cervix is completely
dilated at 10 centimeters
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Placental stage

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
The last stage of labor
Also known as afterbirth
Delivered due to final
uterine contractions
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of the reproductive system
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Functions of the female reproductive system

Expulsion stage

The baby is actually
delivered


Natural
Cesarean
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of the reproductive system
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Reproductive process: Female contraception
Abstinence
Sterilization

Hormonal Methods
Tubal ligation

Barrier methods
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Female condom
Spermicides
Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Contraceptive sponge

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Birth Control Pills
Depo-Provera
Lunelle
NuvaRing/Vaginal Ring
Ortho Evra Patch/Birth
Control Patch
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Reproductive process: male contraception
Abstinence
Vasectomy


Vas / ectomy
Permanent
Condoms
Compare the benefits and
concerns with each form of
male contraception.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
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Sexually transmitted infections

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



Chlamydia
Genital warts
Gonorrhea
Herpes
HIV
Syphilis
Trichomonas
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
39
Essential questions






What are the functions of the female reproductive
system?
What are some common disorders of the female
reproductive system?
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
What are some common disorders of the male
reproductive system?
How do the male and female reproductive system
work together?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the
male and female reproductive systems?
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the reproductive system
40