Download 6.3 Notes Biomolecules

6.3 Notes
Biomolecules
Biomolecules notes outline
4 biomolecules
1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleic acids
For each:
elements:
functions:
subunits:
examples:
Biomolecules


Organic compound—
compound that contains
carbon exception: CO2
All living things contain
carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), oxygen (O), and
nitrogen (N)
Biomolecules


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Polymer—Large
molecule formed when
smaller molecules
called monomers are
bonded together (like a
chain)
1. carbs
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleid acids
1. Carbohydrates (sugars/ starch)



Made of C, H, O
Functions—
1. store and release quick
energy
2. provide structural support
Building blocks (Subunits)
are monosaccharides
ex. Cell wall, exoskeleton
Types of Carbohydrates


Monosaccharide—most
simple, single sugar
Ex.Glucose
Disaccharide—sugar
composed of 2
monosaccharides
Ex. Sucrose (table sugar)
Types of Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide—polymer composed of many
monosaccharides linked in a chain
ex. Glycogen—stores energy in animals
ex. Starch—stores energy in plants
ex. Cellulose– forms cell walls of plants
Can you think of some foods rich
in carbohydrates?
2. Lipids
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Made up of C, H, O
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
(nonpolar so insoluble in water)
Functions:
1. long term energy storage
2. insulation
3. protective coverings
4. make up cell membranes
5. chemical messengers
Lipids

Building blocks (subunits)—made up of 1
glycerol and three fatty acid chains
Lipids
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Saturated fat—solid at
room temperature (ex.
beef and dairy fat), all
single carbon bonds
Unsaturated fat—liquid at
room temperature (ex.
peanut, corn, and olive
oil), at least one double
bond
Foods with lipids?
3. Proteins
Made of C, H, O, N
 Functions—
1. muscle contraction
2. transporting O2 in blood
3. help fight disease (immunity)
4. speeding up chemical reactions
(enzymes)

Protein


Building blocks—
amino acids (there
are 20 in organism)
Peptide bonds—
bonds that hold the
amino acids
together in a chain
Proteins

Found in—meat, beans,
dairy, hair, nails, and muscle
Foods with proteins?
4. Nucleic acids


Nucleic acids—made of C, H, O, N, P
Function—
1. stores genetic information in the form of a
code
Nucleic Acids

Building blocks (subunits)—nucleotides,
which are made of nitrogen base, sugar, and
phosphate
Nucleic Acids

Examples—DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)