Download The Industrial Revolution

Major Lifestyle Changes:
The Middle Ages to 1800
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in
place.
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in
place.
 Bartering was used
exclusively.
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in
place.
 Bartering was used
exclusively.
 Trading what you have for
what you want.
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in
place.
 Bartering was used
exclusively.
 Trading what you have for
what you want.
 Manors grew what they
could and bartered for the
rest.
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in place.
 Bartering was used exclusively.
 Trading what you have for
what you want.
 Manors grew what they could
and bartered for the rest.
 This system encouraged
specialization in goods.
1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce
 No monetary system in place.
 Bartering was used exclusively.
 Trading what you have for what you
want.
 Manors grew what they could and
bartered for the rest.
 This system encouraged specialization in
goods.
 Increasing profits helped to sustain the
new system.
Change in the Wind:
 Farming improvements led to more food being produced.
Change in the Wind:
 Farming improvements led to more food being produced.
 Leads to population increases
Change in the Wind:
 Farming improvements led to more food being produced.
 Leads to population increases
 Increased market demand for cloth due to population
increases.
Change in the Wind:
 Farming improvements led to more food being produced.
 Leads to population increases
 Increased market demand for cloth due to population
increases.
 Cottage Industry: textile manufacturing in the home with
all members of the family helping make cloth.
Change in the Wind:
 Farming improvements led to more food being produced.
 Leads to population increases
 Increased market demand for cloth due to population
increases.
 Cottage Industry: textile manufacturing in the home with
all members of the family helping make cloth.
 This leads us to the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
 1750-1800:
Industrial Revolution
 1750-1800:
 the European manufacturing process shifted
from small, home production to large-scale,
machine production.
Industrial Revolution
 1750-1800:
 the European manufacturing process shifted
from small, home production to large-scale,
machine production.
 Started in the textile industry.
Industrial Revolution
 1750-1800:
 the European manufacturing process shifted
from small, home production to large-scale,
machine production.
 Started in the textile industry.
 Factory System: machines and workers
brought together in large buildings.
Industrial Revolution
 1750-1800:
 the European manufacturing process shifted
from small, home production to large-scale,
machine production.
 Started in the textile industry.
 Factory System: machines and workers
brought together in large buildings.
 Division of labor: Each worker did one
specific part of the process.
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
 Transportation Increases
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
 Transportation Increases
 Better Roads
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
 Transportation Increases
 Better Roads
 Canals (human-made waterways)
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
 Transportation Increases
 Better Roads
 Canals (human-made waterways)
 Railroads
Inventions:
 Major Inventions Changed the
Textile Industry
 Spinning Jenny: James Hartgrove 1768
 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright
 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793
 Transportation Increases
 Better Roads
 Canals (human-made waterways)
 Railroads
 Steam Engines: Developed by James Watt
Inventions:
 Steam engine: James Watts 1785, revolutionized factory work.
Powering the Industrial Revolution:
Powering the Industrial Revolution:
 Started with Water Power: Machines worked due to the flow
of water wheels built on rivers.
Powering the Industrial Revolution:
 Started with Water Power: Machines worked due to the flow
of water wheels built on rivers.
 Steam engines: Steam boats by 1808 used to transport goods
and people across the water much faster with larger amounts.
Fueling the machines:
Fueling the machines:
 Factories need fuel to run
the machines: COAL
Fueling the machines:
 Factories need fuel to run
the machines: COAL
 Coal mining expands:
Production doubles from
1750 to 1800.
Fueling the machines:
 Factories need fuel to run
the machines: COAL
 Coal mining expands:
Production doubles from
1750 to 1800.
 Large cities grow up near
coal and iron fields.
 Factories need fuel to run
the machines: COAL
 Coal mining expands:
Production doubles from
1750 to 1800.
 Large cities grow up near
coal and iron fields.
Labor issues
Labor issues
 The raw wool and cotton that fed the British textile
mills came from:
Labor issues
 The raw wool and cotton that fed the British textile
mills came from:
 Lands converted from farming to raising sheep, leaving
farm workers without jobs
Labor issues
 The raw wool and cotton that fed the British textile
mills came from:
 Lands converted from farming to raising sheep, leaving
farm workers without jobs
 Urbanization: movement of people from rural to urban
(city) areas
Conditions in the cities:
Conditions in the cities:
 Housing, water, sewers, food supplies, and
lighting were completely inadequate.
Conditions in the cities:
 Housing, water, sewers, food supplies, and
lighting were completely inadequate.
 Slums
grew and disease destroyed the population.
Conditions in the cities:
 Housing, water, sewers, food supplies, and
lighting were completely inadequate.
 Slums
grew and disease destroyed the population.
 Crime increased and became a way of life for those who
could make a living in no other way.
Conditions in the countryside:
Conditions in the countryside:
 The only successful farmers were those with
large landholdings who could afford
agricultural innovations.
Conditions in the countryside:
 The only successful farmers were those with
large landholdings who could afford
agricultural innovations.
 Most peasants:
Conditions in the countryside:
 The only successful farmers were those with
large landholdings who could afford
agricultural innovations.
 Most peasants:
 Didn’t have enough land to support themselves
Conditions in the countryside:
 The only successful farmers were those with
large landholdings who could afford
agricultural innovations.
 Most peasants:
 Didn’t have enough land to support themselves
 Were forced to move to the cities to find work in
the factories.
The role of the railroads:
The role of the railroads:
 Built during the 1830s and
1840s:
The role of the railroads:
 Built during the 1830s and
1840s:
 Enabled people to leave the
place of their birth and migrate
easily to the cities.
The role of the railroads:
 Built during the 1830s and
1840s:
 Enabled people to leave the
place of their birth and migrate
easily to the cities.
 Allowed cheaper and more
rapid transport of raw
materials and finished
products.
Conditions in the factories:
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
 In addition, they were subject to various
kinds of discipline:
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
 In addition, they were subject to various
kinds of discipline:
 The closing of factory gates to late workers
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
 In addition, they were subject to various
kinds of discipline:
 The closing of factory gates to late workers
 Fines for tardiness
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
 In addition, they were subject to various
kinds of discipline:
 The closing of factory gates to late workers
 Fines for tardiness
 Long Hours- 12 hour days
Conditions in the factories:
 All working people, however, faced possible
unemployment, with little or no provision for
security.
 In addition, they were subject to various
kinds of discipline:
 The closing of factory gates to late workers
 Fines for tardiness
 Long Hours- 12 hour days
 Beatings for not doing their “best”
Changes to the family:
Changes to the family:
 Decline of cottage industries + Increase in
factories = family life changed.
Changes to the family:
 Decline of cottage industries + Increase in
factories = family life changed.
 At first, the entire family, including the children,
worked in the factory, just as they had at home.
Changes to the family:
 Decline of cottage industries + Increase in
factories = family life changed.
 At first, the entire family, including the children,
worked in the factory, just as they had at home.
 Later, family life became fragmented (the father
worked in the factory, the mother handled
domestic chores, the children went to school).
Gender roles defined:
Gender roles defined:
 This brought about the ideas of
gender roles.
Gender roles defined:
 This brought about the ideas of
gender roles.
 Women came to be associated
with domestic duties, such as
housekeeping, food preparation,
child rearing and nurturing, and
household management.
Gender roles defined:
 This brought about the ideas of
gender roles.
 Women came to be associated
with domestic duties, such as
housekeeping, food preparation,
child rearing and nurturing, and
household management.
 The man came to be the “Bread
winner”