Download Marbury v. Madison

CRT Review
Ch 10-Ch 20

Who were the “midnight judges”?

Judges who received their appointments
only hours before John Adams left office.
What law did the Supreme Court use in
deciding Marbury v. Madison?

The Judiciary Act of 1789
What was the motive for the First
Seminole War?
 General Jackson and his troops invaded
Florida without presidential authorization.


What was the importance of the Supreme
Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison?

It established the principle of judicial
review.
Before the War of 1812, why were
Americans reluctant to build new factories
and machinery?
 because British manufacturers could
produce large amounts of goods and
charge lower prices

The Neutrality Proclamation allowed the
United States to remain neutral to which
countries?
 to all nations at war in Europe

What did Washington advise the United
States to do when France and Great
Britain went to war?
 to remain neutral

What event brought on the rallying cry of
the American people “Millions for defense,
but not one cent for tribute!” ?
 the XYZ affair

What concept influenced the works of
James Fenimore Cooper and Washington
Irving?
 nationalism

Why did more poor white men gained
suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s?
 because many states eliminated property
ownership as a qualification for voting.

What best describes the occupations of
most people in Europe and the United
States, in the early 1700s?
 farmers

What caused the slave trade to increase
during the early 1800s?
 because growing and harvesting cotton
and other southern crops required a large
number of field hands

How were yeomen farmers different from
planters?
 They generally worked side by side with
slaves, whereas planters had drivers or
overseers.

Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid1800s?
 a.due to immigration and the migration of
rural inhabitants to urban areas

What is the significance of the Irish potato
blight?
 Irish immigrants came to America after
starvation threatened their existence.

What did the Know-Nothings want?
 to exclude Catholics and immigrants from
public office

What is the main idea of
transcendentalism?
 To encourage people to follow their own
personal beliefs and rise above reason

Why did the American Anti-Slavery Society
split in 1840?
 over the role of women in the abolition
movement

What was the purpose of the American
Temperance Society and the American
Temperance Union?
 to urge people to give up or to limit the
consumption of alcohol

Who turned the fight for women’s right into
a political movement?
 Susan B. Anthony

With the technical advances of the 19th
century, how could workers more easily
assemble products and replace defective
parts?
 because of interchangeable parts

During the 1800s, what made the growth
in communication, trade, and travel
possible?
 the introduction of steamboats, railroads,
and the expansion of roads and canals

How did Samuel Slater’s occupation relate
to the industrial development of the U.S.?
 He was a skilled mechanic in Britain.

In the early 1800s, why did young, single
women from New England leave their
homes?
 they went to work in the Lowell mills

What laws did Parliament pass because of
people like Samuel Slater?
 laws against leaving the country with mill
machines or plans

What is significant about the textile mill in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island?
 It was the first successful mill

What increased competition for factory
jobs in the 1840s?
 the Panic of 1837 and a wave of
immigration

How would you explain how Eli Whitney
contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
 He introduced mass production and
interchangeable parts

What was significant about the steamengine?
 It was the first breakthroughs of the
Transportation Revolution.

What caused Charleston, Savannah, and
New Orleans to grow into major port
cities?
 the growing cotton trade with Great Britain
and the Northeast

The cotton gin revived the South’s
agricultural economy; when did Eli
Whitney develop his cotton gin?
 during a visit to a Georgia plantation
where he learned that such a machine
was needed

How would you classify the means by
which most southern farmers transported
their cash crops to port cities?
 by navigable rivers

Why did most members of the Free-Soil
Party oppose the spread of slavery?
 Because they believed allowing slavery to
expand would make it difficult for free men
to find work.

How would you describe the people
John Brown intended to arm as a result of
his raid on Harper’s Ferry?
 as Slaves who would begin an insurrection
against slaveholders.

What happened after John Brown seized
the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry?
 He hoped slaves in the region would join
him, but none did.

How would you express the purpose of
Nat Turner’s escape from slavery?
 to lead a violent slave revolt

How would you explain the Southern
reaction to the abolition movement?
 They united in their defense of slavery.

Why did enslaved parents tell folk tales to
their slave children?
 to teach the children how to survive under
slavery

From 1836 to 1844, the Gag Rule
prevented discussion about which issue in
the U.S. House of Representatives?
 antislavery petitions

Why did Nat Turner and his followers kill
almost 60 white people in Virginia?
 because Turner believed that God had
called on him to overthrow slavery

How would you express the reason
Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the
antislavery movement?
 They rejected the views of their southern,
slaveholding family.

Of the following, Emily Dickinson,
Margaret Fuller, Angelina Grimke and
Harriet Beecher Stowe, who wrote Appeal
to the Christian Women of the South?
 Angelina Grimké.

How would you classify the roles of
Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and
Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement
in relation to their race and former social
status?
 Key, since all were former slaves who
spoke for the movement

What is significant about the publication of
the paper the North Star?
 It was published by abolitionist Frederick
Douglass.

For what reasons did white northerners
oppose abolition?
 They believed that African Americans
should not receive equal treatment and
that freed slaves would take jobs away
from white northerners.

How would you describe the views of
Horace Greeley and William Lloyd
Garrison relating to abolition?
 Greely and Garrison were both prominent
leaders in the abolition movement.

How would you describe the Underground
Railroad Movement?
 a network of people who arranged
transportation and hiding places for
fugitive slaves.

Who was the Underground Railroad
designed to aid?
 slaves

How would you classify the movement led
by Harriet Tubman?
 She led the Underground Railroad
Movement, a network of people who
arranged transportation and hiding places
for fugitive slaves.

Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her
powerful antislavery novel?
 She read slave narratives and met fugitive
slaves in Ohio, where she lived

How did many people help escaped slaves
on the Underground Railroad?
 They sheltered runaway slaves.

What was the purpose of the Wilmot
Proviso?
 to support the abolition of slavery in
territories won from Mexico

What did Winston County, Alabama, and
the western counties of Virginia have in
common?
 They withdrew from their home state when
their state left the Union.

Which controversy resulted in the
Compromise of 1850 and eventually led to
the Civil War?
 maintaining the balance of power of slave
and free states in the Senate.

How would you generalize the Dred Scott
Decision?
 Slaves are property and property could be
taken to any territory.

What was Taney’s ruling after hearing
Dred Scott’s petition for freedom?
 As a noncitizen, Scott did not have the
right to file suit in federal court.

How would you describe Southerners
opposition to protective tariffs?
 They believed their region had little
industry and relied heavily on imported
goods.

How would you generalize the beliefs of
states’ rights supporters?
 They believed the power of the federal
government is strictly limited by the
Constitution.

How would you describe Henry Clay
beliefs about internal improvements such
as roads and canals?
 that they would make trade easier and
connect the regions of the country

How would you explain Jackson’s veto of
legislation to renew the Second Bank of
the United States’ charter?
 He believed that the Bank was too
powerful.

What states were covered by “The Cotton
Belt”?
 South Carolina to Texas

Why did southern leaders refer to cotton
as “King Cotton”?
 because of the importance of the cotton
trade to the South’s economy

How would you classify the economic
relationship between Great Britain and the
Antebellum South?
 Great Britain was the South’s main trading
partner.

On what major factor did the Supreme
Court rule that Dred Scott was not free?
 Because his status, as free or slave,
depended on the laws of Missouri, where
his owner lived.

The question of whether California would
be admitted to the Union as a free state or
a slave state was decided by which issue?
 by Henry Clay offering a series of
proposals to resolve sectional
disagreements

How would you describe the Fugitive
Slave Act?
 As part of the Compromise of 1850.

On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court
rule that Congress could not prohibit
someone from taking slaves into a federal
territory?
 Slaves were considered property.

Who were Henry David Thoreau and
Ralph Waldo Emerson?
 transcendentalist writers who opposed the
Mexican War

How would you explain Henry Clay’s
position regarding Texas in the 1844
election?
 He initially opposed annexation of Texas
and then halfheartedly supported it.

While northern abolitionists opposed the
Mexican War because of the potential
increase in the number slave states that
might develop in the Southwest, some proslavery southerners worried about which
of the following issues?
 The was would add new territories that
might ban slavery.

Why did they call Henry Clay the “Great
Compromiser”?
 He mediated disputes in Congress

When Stephen Douglas introduced the
Kansas-Nebraska bill, how did southern
senators react?
 They agreed to abandon their plan for a
southern railroad route if the new territory
west of Missouri was opened to slavery.

In 1854, Stephen Douglas introduced a bill
in Congress that would organize which of
the following territory?
 The remainder of the Louisiana Purchase
into two territories, each to determine the
slavery question by popular sovereignty.

What happened after Preston Brooks beat
Charles Sumner on the Senate floor?
 Many southerners sent Brooks new canes.

When South Carolina passed a resolution
claiming nullification of the 1828 and 1832
tariffs, how did President Jackson react?
 He threatened to send U.S. troops into
South Carolina to enforce federal laws.

In 1846, what was true about the Wilmot
Proviso?
 It stated that neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude should ever exist in
any part of the Mexican cession.

What is the relationship between the Lewis
and Clark expedition and St. Louis?
 St. Louis was the starting and ending point
of the journey.

What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send
Lewis and Clark to the Louisiana
Purchase?
 to learn about the West and find a river
route to the Pacific Ocean.

What motivated Lewis and Clark to bring
Sacagawea on the expedition?
 To serve as a guide and interpreter

What was the function of the Indian
Removal Act?
 to open land in the Southeast to American
farmers

What did cotton account for by 1860?
 more than half of all U.S. exports

During the Texas Revolution, who led the
Mexican army?
 Antonio López de Santa Anna

Who did Santa Anna’s 1,800 Mexican
soldiers attack in March of 1836?
 189 defenders of the Alamo

Where was the location of the Santa Fe
Trail?
 from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe,
New Mexico

How are the Texas Constitution and the
U.S. Constitution different?
 Texas legalized slavery and the U.S. did
not.

How would you explain why Presidents
Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren
declined to annex Texas?
 because Texas would have entered the
Union as a slave state

What motivated anti-slavery activists to
oppose the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
 They feared more slave states entering
the Union.

Texas became a state in 1845; how would
you describe why the Mexican government
was angered by this act?
 Because it considered Texas a “stolen
province.”

What treaty that ended the Mexican War?
 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Which of the following are related to the
issues of nullification?
 the Webster-Hayne debate & South
Carolina Exposition & Protest

How would you describe the major issue
dividing the parties in the election of 1860?
 as slavery

Which presidential candidate opposed the
spread of slavery but promised not to
support abolishing it where it already
existed?
 Abraham Lincoln

What was the reaction of many
southerners to Lincoln’s election?
 They believed that Lincoln, if elected
president, would move to abolish slavery.

What was Lincoln’s campaign promise
regarding the South?
 to not attack the South or try to abolish
slavery in the South

What was the main idea of The Morrill Act
of 1862?
 the granting of public lands to states for
land-grant colleges

What was the first capital of the Republic
of Texas?
 Houston

Some politicians believed that the Oregon
Country was needed to secure the
growing U.S. trade with which country?
 China

Forty-niners who arrived in California after
traveling around the Cape of Good Hope
or across the Isthmus of Panama were
usually from which area?
 Europe or the eastern United States

How would you identify the people who
traveled on the Mormon Trail?
 American and European Mormon converts
fleeing religious persecution from the
eastern and mid-western United States.

How did German immigrant Levi Strauss
earn his fortune in California?
 by making durable denim work pants to
sell to miners

How did California enter the Union?
 As a free state.

What university in Alabama was
established as a result of the Morrill Land
Grant Act?
 Tuskegee University

The Gadsden Purchase required the U.S.
government to pay Mexico $10 million for
a strip of land that included the southern
parts of what are now which states?
 Nevada and Arizona

What did “Fifty-four forty or fight!” refer to?
 The United States and Great Britain’s
arguing over the northern boundary of the
Oregon Country.

What was the main effect of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
 It made the Civil War a war against
slavery, and the British did not
intervene on the side of the
Confederacy.
